associators

{{Main|Protestant Revolution (Maryland)|John Coode (Governor of Maryland){{!}}John Coode|Nehemiah Blakiston}}

During King George's War, Benjamin Franklin, in 1747, wrote and published the pamphlet, "Plain Truth", calling for a voluntary association to defend Philadelphia. This was in line with his earlier formation of volunteer fire-companies. This organization was formed and approved by the council and the officers would be commissioned by the Council President.Newland, Samuel J. The Pennsylvania Militia: Defending the Commonwealth and the nation, 1669-1870, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Dept. of Military and Veterans Affairs (2002), pp. 36-45 In 1755 these groups were re-established in response to Braddock's defeat.{{cite book|title=The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Volume 26|year=1902|access-date=February 27, 2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4sRR_FAZ2_gC&pg=PA358}} The 103rd Engineer Battalion (United States) and the U.S. Army 111th Infantry Regiment Pennsylvania Army National Guard's 56th Stryker Brigade Combat Team, 28th Infantry Division, nicknamed the "Associators", traces their lineages to these Pennsylvania Associators.

{{Main article|List of United States militia units in the American Revolutionary War}}

In 1776, the Province of Pennsylvania's Patriot, volunteer, military groups, in the tradition of earlier, colonial, associator militias, used the name the Pennsylvania Associators. The following year, in 1777, it was renamed the Pennsylvania State Militia.

• Hanover Associators (1774)
• Bucks County Associators (1775-1776)
• Lancaster County Associators (1775)
• Northumberland County Associators (1776)
• Artillery Battalion, Pennsylvania Militia (Philadelphia) (1747)
• 4th Battalion of Philadelphia County Militia (1776)
• Philadelphia Brigade of Militia (1747)
• 2nd Battalion, Philadelphia Associators
• 3rd Battalion, Philadelphia Associators

{{Main article|List of British units in the American Revolutionary War}}

Many Loyalist irregulars who fought with the British in the American Revolutionary War were "associators". These units were sometimes commissioned by the commander in chief but could also be commissioned by the commander of a garrison or a royal colonial governor. They received no pay, and often no uniforms; they were usually issued provisions, but relied on labor or looting to earn money. Loyalist Associators often served in mixed-race units, composed of whites, escaped slaves, and even American Indians.

Perhaps one of the most famous Loyalist associators was Colonel Tye, a former slave and leader of the infamous "Black Brigade". He was the first known black officer in North American military history.

• Augusta Associators (Augusta) (1781)

• Loyal American Association (Boston) (1775-1776)
• Loyal Associated Refugees (1779)
• Loyal Irish Volunteers (Boston) (1775-1776)
• Pepperell's Corps (Boston) (1779-?)
• Royal North British Volunteers (Boston) (1775-1776)

• Maryland Royal Retaliators (raised in Philadelphia) (1780-1781)

• Associated Loyalists, also known as Governor Franklin's Associated Loyalists (1780–1782)
• Black Brigade[https://books.google.com/books?id=arI0HSFXwLkC&pg=PA420 Jonathan D. Sutherland, African Americans at War, ABC-CLIO, 2003, pp. 420–421, accessed May 4, 2010]Black Loyalists: Our History, Our People. Canada's Digital Collection. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. (Black Loyalists) led by Colonel Tye and later, Colonel Stephen Blucke) (Monmouth County) (1779-1783)
• King’s Militia Volunteers{{cite web|url=http://www.royalprovincial.com/military/rlist/rlist.htm|title=Loyalist Institute: List of Loyalist Regiments|website=www.royalprovincial.com|access-date=April 1, 2019}}{{cite web|url=http://www.royalprovincial.com/military/rhist/kmilvol/kmvnot1.htm|title=Loyalist Institute: King's Militia Volunteers, Jail Break Notice|website=www.royalprovincial.com|access-date=April 1, 2019}}{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kXDyC76jyisC&dq=King%E2%80%99s+Militia+Volunteers&pg=PA139|title=Roster of the People of Revolutionary Monmouth County (New Jersey)|isbn=9780806346779|access-date=April 1, 2019|last1=Adelberg|first1=Michael S.|year=1997|publisher=Genealogical Publishing Com }} (Monmouth County) (1779–1780)
• Pine Robbers (outlaw gangs) (New Jersey Pine Barrens) (1776–1783)
• Refugees (unit of New Jersey Royal Governor William Franklin's Associated Loyalists and Pine Robbers gang) (New Jersey Pine Barrens), (Ocean County) (1780–1782)

• Associated Refugees, also known as the King's American Regiment) (Long Island) (1776-1783)
• Brant's Volunteers (New York) (1777-1779)
• De Lancey's Refugees (also known as "Cowboys" and part of De Lancey's Brigade) (Long Island) (1776-1783)
• Hatfield's Company of Partisans (partisans irregulars led by Captain Cornelius Hatfield, Jr., and part of the New Jersey Volunteers (Skinner's Greens) (Long Island) (1779-1782)
• Hazard's Corps of Refugees{{cite web|url=http://www.royalprovincial.com/military/rhist/hazard/hclist.htm|title=Loyalist Institute: Index to Hazard's Corps of Refugees History|website=www.royalprovincial.com|access-date=April 1, 2019}}[https://books.google.com/books?id=24stDwAAQBAJ&q=Hazard%27s+Corps+of+Refugees David M. Griffin, Lost British Forts of Long Island. Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2017. p. 93.] (Long Island) (1780–1782)
• Loyal Refugee Volunteers{{cite web|url=http://www.royalprovincial.com/military/rhist/lrv/lrvlist.htm|title=Loyalist Institute: Index to Loyal Refugee Volunteers History|website=www.royalprovincial.com|access-date=April 1, 2019}}Todd Braisted, Thomas Ward and the Loyal Refugee Volunteers at Bergen Neck, 1779-1782. 1999.[https://books.google.com/books?id=PA8AQAAMAAJ&dq=Loyal+Refugee+Volunteers Alexander Fraser, United Empire Loyalists: Enquiry Into the Losses and Services in Consequence of Their Loyalty. Evidence in the Canadian Claims, Ontario. Department of Public Records and Archives. Ottawa, ON: L.K. Cameron, 1905. p. 654–655.]James J. Gigantino, The American Revolution in New Jersey: Where the Battlefront Meets the Home Front Rivergate Regionals Collection. Rutgers, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2015. p. 73, 81, 83, 202, 206. (Albany) (1779–1782)

• Doan Gang (outlaws) (Bucks County) (1774–1783)

• Loyal Newport Associators{{cite web|url=http://www.royalprovincial.com/military/rhist/lnassoc/lnalist.htm|title=Loyalist Institute: Index to Loyal Newport Associators History|website=www.royalprovincial.com|access-date=April 1, 2019}}[https://books.google.com/books?id=HmUFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA286 Abiel Holmes, The annals of America: from the discovery by Columbus in the year 1492, to the year 1826, Volume 1. Cambridge, UK: Hilliard and Brown, 1829 p. 286.][https://archive.org/details/amloyalists00sabirich Lorenzo Sabine, The American Loyalists; or, Biographical sketches of adherents to the British crown in the war of the revolution; alphabetically arranged; with a preliminary historical essay. Boston: C.C. Little and J. Brown, 1847. pp. 63, 269.][https://books.google.com/books?id=fl0EAAAAYAAJ&dq=thomas+vernon+loyal+newport+associators&pg=PA749 Samuel Greene Arnold, 1701-1790 Volume 2 of History of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. Providence, RI: Preston & Rounds, 1899. p 749.][https://archive.org/details/descendantsoftho03reed William Field Reed, The Descendants of Thomas Durfee of Portsmouth, R.I., Volume 1. Washington D.C.: Gibson Bros., Printers, 1900 p. 207-208.][https://archive.org/details/biographicalske00sabigoog Lorenzo Sabine, Biographical Sketches of Loyalists of the American Revolution, Volume 3. Carlisle, MA: Applewood Books, 2009. p. 581.][https://books.google.com/books?id=KRRSfy7eVoIC Theodore Savas and J. David Dameron, Guide to the Battles of the American Revolution. Savas Beatie LLC, 2006. p. xliii.][https://books.google.com/books?id=Mo4wDQAAQBAJ&dq=loyalists+in+newport&pg=PT321 Thomas N. Ingersoll, The Loyalist Problem in Revolutionary New England. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2016.][https://books.google.com/books?id=uR13CQAAQBAJ&dq=loyalists+in+newport&pg=PT37 Christian M. McBurney, Spies in Revolutionary Rhode Island. Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2014.][https://archive.org/details/diaryofthomasver00vern Thomas Vernon, he diary of Thomas Vernon, a loyalist, banished from Newport by the Rhode Island general assembly in 1776. Providence, R.I.: S. S. Rider, 1881.] (also known as the Loyal Newport Volunteers) (Newport) (1777–1779)

• Robins Company of Partisans (partisan irregulars) (1780-1782?)
• Sharp's Refugee Marines (marines - naval infantry force) (1779)
• James Stewart's Company of Refugees (1780-1781)
• Uzal Ward's Company of Refugees (1780-1783)

• Nehemiah Blakiston
• Stephen Blucke
• Peter Etter
• Joseph Brant
• Colonel Tye
• John Coode
• Oliver De Lancey
• Doan Brothers
• Benjamin Franklin
• Harpe Brothers
• Cortlandt Skinner

• Provincial troops in the French and Indian Wars

• Farrelly, Maura Jane. Papist Patriots: The Making of an American Catholic Identity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
• Newland, Samuel J. The Pennsylvania Militia: Defending the Commonwealth and the nation, 1669-1870. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Dept. of Military and Veterans Affairs, 2002.
• Ryan, William R. The World of Thomas Jeremiah: Charles Town on the Eve of the American Revolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
• Seymour, Joseph. The Pennsylvania Associators, 1747-1777. Yardley, PA: Westholme Publishing, 2012.
• Verenna, Thomas. "Explaining Pennsylvania's Militia", Journal of the American Revolution, June 17, 2014.
• [http://www.royalprovincial.com/military/rlist/rlist.htm List of British Loyalist Associators - The On-Line Institute for Advanced Loyalist Studies]

• [http://www.cynthiaswope.com/withinthevines/amrevolution/assoctr.html History of (Pennsylvania) Associators and the Military Association 1775-1777 - The Associators of the Revolution]
• [https://www.facebook.com/The-Pennsylvania-Associators-1747-1777-359518067391816/The Pennsylvania Associators, 1747-1777 - (Facebook)]
• [http://www.royalprovincial.com/military/rlist/rlist.htm List of British Loyalist Associators - The On-Line Institute for Advanced Loyalist Studies]
• [http://www.trailofourancestors.com/revwar.htm "Loyalist Muster Rolls" Revolutionary War Oaths of Allegiance and Non-Associators]

{{Benjamin Franklin|state=collapsed}}

{{John Dickinson}}

Category:Loyalist military units in the American Revolution

Category:United States military associations