avian pallium

{{short description|Dorsal telencephalon of a bird's brain}}

In the neuroanatomy of animals, an avian pallium is the dorsal telencephalon of a bird's brain. The subpallium is the ventral telencephalon.

The pallium of avian species tends to be relatively large, comprising ~75% of the telencephalic volume. Birds have a unique pallial structure known as the hyperpallium, once called the hyperstriatum. Evidence suggests the avian pallium's neuroarchitecture to be reminiscent of the mammalian cerebral cortex.{{Cite journal |last=Stacho |first=Martin |last2=Herold |first2=Christina |last3=Rook |first3=Noemi |last4=Wagner |first4=Hermann |last5=Axer |first5=Markus |last6=Amunts |first6=Katrin |last7=Güntürkün |first7=Onur |date=2020-09-25 |title=A cortex-like canonical circuit in the avian forebrain |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abc5534 |journal=Science |language=en |volume=369 |issue=6511 |doi=10.1126/science.abc5534 |issn=0036-8075|url-access=subscription }} The avian pallium has also been suggested to be an equivalent neural basis for consciousness.{{Cite journal |last1=Nieder |first1=Andreas |last2=Wagener |first2=Lysann |last3=Rinnert |first3=Paul |date=2020-09-25 |title=A neural correlate of sensory consciousness in a corvid bird |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abb1447 |journal=Science |language=en |volume=369 |issue=6511 |pages=1626–1629 |bibcode=2020Sci...369.1626N |doi=10.1126/science.abb1447 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=32973028 |s2cid=221881862|url-access=subscription }}{{Cite journal |last=Herculano-Houzel |first=Suzana |date=2020-09-25 |title=Birds do have a brain cortex—and think |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abe0536 |journal=Science |language=en |volume=369 |issue=6511 |pages=1567–1568 |bibcode=2020Sci...369.1567H |doi=10.1126/science.abe0536 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=32973020 |s2cid=221882004|url-access=subscription }}

A 2002 conference at Duke University (Avian Brain Nomenclature Consortium) established a standard nomenclature for describing the avian pallium as follows:{{cite web | title=AvianBrain.org: New Terminology for the Avian Brain | website=Avianbrain.org | date=2011-05-16 | url=http://www.avianbrain.org/new_terminology.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516121539/http://www.avianbrain.org/new_terminology.html | archive-date=2011-05-16 | url-status=dead | access-date=2021-07-21}}{{cite journal | last=Ebert | first=Jessica | title=Reformation of bird-brain terminology takes off | journal=Nature | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=433 | issue=7025 | year=2005 | issn=0028-0836 | doi=10.1038/433449b | pages=449| pmid=15690006 | bibcode=2005Natur.433..449E | doi-access=free }}{{cite journal|url=https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/bitstream/10161/11232/1/New%20Brain%20Nomenclature.pdf|journal=The Journal of Comparative Neurology |volume=473|pages=377–414|date=2004|title=Revised Nomenclature for Avian Telencephalon and Some Related Brainstem Nuclei|doi=10.1002/cne.20118|pmid=15116397|access-date=16 March 2022|last1=Reiner|first1=A.|last2=Perkel|first2=D. J.|last3=Bruce|first3=L. L.|last4=Butler|first4=A. B.|last5=Csillag|first5=A.|last6=Kuenzel|first6=W.|last7=Medina|first7=L.|last8=Paxinos|first8=G.|last9=Shimizu|first9=T.|last10=Striedter|first10=G.|last11=Wild|first11=M.|last12=Ball|first12=G. F.|last13=Durand|first13=S.|last14=Güntürkün|first14=O.|last15=Lee|first15=D. W.|last16=Mello|first16=C. V.|last17=Powers|first17=A.|last18=White|first18=S. A.|last19=Hough|first19=G.|last20=Kubikova|first20=L.|last21=Smulders|first21=T. V.|last22=Wada|first22=K.|last23=Dugas-Ford|first23=J.|last24=Husband|first24=S.|last25=Yamamoto|first25=K.|last26=Yu|first26=J.|last27=Siang|first27=C.|last28=Jarvis|first28=E. D.|issue=3|pmc=2518311|hdl=10161/11232}}{{cite journal | last1=Reiner | first1=Anton | last2=Perkel | first2=David J. | last3=Bruce | first3=Laura L. | last4=Butler | first4=Ann B. | last5=Csillag | first5=András | last6=Kuenzel | first6=Wayne | last7=Medina | first7=Loreta | last8=Paxinos | first8=George | last9=Shimizu | first9=Toru | last10=Striedter | first10=Georg | last11=Wild | first11=Martin | last12=Ball | first12=Gregory F. | last13=Durand | first13=Sarah | last14=Gütürkün | first14=Onur | last15=Lee | first15=Diane W. | last16=Mello | first16=Claudio V. | last17=Powers | first17=Alice | last18=White | first18=Stephanie A. | last19=Hough | first19=Gerald | last20=Kubikova | first20=Lubica | last21=Smulders | first21=Tom V. | last22=Wada | first22=Kazuhiro | last23=Dugas-Ford | first23=Jennifer | last24=Husband | first24=Scott | last25=Yamamoto | first25=Keiko | last26=Yu | first26=Jing | last27=Siang | first27=Connie | last28=Jarvis | first28=Erich D. | title=Revised nomenclature for avian telencephalon and some related brainstem nuclei | journal=The Journal of Comparative Neurology | publisher=Wiley | volume=473 | issue=3 | date=2004-05-31 | issn=0021-9967 | doi=10.1002/cne.20118 | pages=377–414| pmid=15116397 | pmc=2518311 | hdl=10161/11232 | hdl-access=free }}

• Pallium
• Pyriform cortex
• Olfactory bulb
• Hippocampus
• Corticoid area
• Hyperpallium
• Apicale
• Intercalatum
• Densocellulare
• Mesopallium
• Dorsale
• Ventrale
• Nidopallium
• Field L2
• Entopallium
• Basorostralis
• Arcopallium
• Amygdaloid complex
• Posterior amygdala
• Nucleus taeniae
• Subpallium
• Striatum
• Lateral
• Medial
• Pallidum
• Globus pallidus or dorsal pallidum
• Ventral pallidum