azeloprazole
{{Short description|Chemical compound}}
{{Infobox drug
| drug_name =
| INN =
| type =
| IUPAC_name =2-
| image = Azeloprazole.svg
| width = 200
| alt =
| image2 = Azeloprazolespin.gif
| width2 = 200
| alt2 =
| imageL =
| widthL =
| altL =
| imageR =
| widthR =
| altR =
| caption =
| pronounce =
| tradename =
| Drugs.com =
| MedlinePlus =
| licence_CA =
| licence_EU =
| DailyMedID =
| licence_US =
| pregnancy_AU =
| pregnancy_AU_comment =
| pregnancy_US =
| pregnancy_US_comment =
| pregnancy_category=
| dependency_liability =
| addiction_liability =
| routes_of_administration =
| legal_AU =
| legal_AU_comment =
| legal_BR =
| legal_BR_comment =
| legal_CA =
| legal_CA_comment =
| legal_DE =
| legal_DE_comment =
| legal_NZ =
| legal_NZ_comment =
| legal_UK =
| legal_UK_comment =
| legal_US =
| legal_US_comment =
| legal_UN =
| legal_UN_comment =
| legal_status = Investigational
| bioavailability =
| protein_bound =
| metabolism =
| metabolites =
| onset =
| elimination_half-life =
| duration_of_action =
| excretion =
| CAS_number = 955095-45-1
| CAS_supplemental =
955095-50-8 (potassium salt)
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = MIR2G6L61B
| class = Proton pump inhibitor
| ATCvet =
| ATC_prefix =
| ATC_suffix =
| ATC_supplemental =
| PubChem = 12003212
| PubChemSubstance =
| IUPHAR_ligand =
| DrugBank =
| ChemSpiderID = 10175679
| KEGG =
| ChEBI =
| ChEMBL =
| NIAID_ChemDB =
| PDB_ligand =
| synonyms = Z-215; E3710
| C=22 | H=27 | N=3 | O=4 | S=1
| smiles = Cc1cnc(c(c1OCC2COC(OC2)(C)C)C)CS(=O)c3[nH]c4ccccc4n3
| Jmol =
| StdInChI = 1S/C22H27N3O4S/c1-14-9-23-19(13-30(26)21-24-17-7-5-6-8-18(17)25-21)15(2)20(14)27-10-16-11-28-22(3,4)29-12-16/h5-9,16H,10-13H2,1-4H3,(H,24,25)
| StdInChIKey = DWDKHTXMLSZGDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| density =
| density_notes =
| melting_point =
| melting_high =
| melting_notes =
| boiling_point =
| boiling_notes =
| solubility =
| sol_units =
| specific_rotation =
}}
Azeloprazole (also known as Z-215 or E3710) is a drug under investigation for acid-related medical conditions responsive to suppressing the production of stomach acid. It is considered a member of the proton pump inhibitor class of medications.
Medical uses
Azeloprazole is an acid suppressing drug being studied for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Pharmacology
=Mechanism of action=
Azeloprazole, like other drugs of the proton pump inhibitor class, works by inhibiting the hydrogen potassium adenosine triphosphatase (H+/K+ ATPase) acid pump. The term "proton pump inhibitor" comes from the recognition of hydrogen cations as a single proton. H+/K+ ATPase pumps, found in parietal cells in the stomach, are ultimately responsible for secreting acid into the lumen of the stomach. By inhibiting the secretion of acid, proton pump inhibitors are considered useful in treating "acid-related diseases" (e.g. gastroesophageal reflux disease).{{cite journal | vauthors = Kodama K, Fujisaki H, Kubota A, Kato H, Hirota K, Kuramochi H, Murota M, Tabata Y, Ueda M, Harada H, Kawahara T, Shinoda M, Watanabe N, Iida D, Terauchi H, Yasui S, Miyazawa S, Nagakawa J | display-authors = 6 | title = E3710, a new proton pump inhibitor, with a long-lasting inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion | journal = The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | volume = 334 | issue = 2 | pages = 395–401 | date = August 2010 | pmid = 20484556 | doi = 10.1124/jpet.110.167783 }}
Chemistry
History
Azeloprazole was designed in Japan with pharmacogenomics in mind. Some drugs in the proton pump inhibitor class are metabolized by the hepatic enzyme CYP2C19. Some individuals, such as people of Japanese ancestry, are more likely to be poor CYP2C19 metabolizers; that is, their ability to metabolize certain drugs through CYP2C19 is compromised by a genetic mutation in one or both copies of the CYP2C19 gene that renders the enzyme nonfunctional or less functional. Azeloprazole was designed to avoid CYP2C19 metabolism entirely, thereby avoiding pharmacogenomic issues with poor CYP2C19 metabolizers.{{cite journal | vauthors = Toda R, Shiramoto M, Komai E, Yoshii K, Hirayama M, Kawabata Y | title = Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Azeloprazole Sodium, a Novel Proton Pump Inhibitor, in Healthy Japanese Volunteers | journal = Journal of Clinical Pharmacology | volume = 58 | issue = 4 | pages = 425–433 | date = April 2018 | pmid = 29193126 | doi = 10.1002/jcph.1038 }}
Azeloprazole was designed by the Japanese pharmaceutical company Eisai Co Ltd.{{cite web|title=E 3710 - AdisInsight|url=http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800031299|website=adisinsight.springer.com|publisher=Adis International Ltd|access-date=26 December 2017|language=en}}
Society and culture
=Legal status=
In the United States, proton pump inhibitors are found both over the counter and by prescription.{{cite web | author = Center for Drug Evaluation and Research |title=Information by Drug Class - Proton Pump Inhibitors Information |url= https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/InformationbyDrugClass/ucm213259.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100527194434/http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/InformationbyDrugClass/ucm213259.htm |url-status= dead |archive-date= May 27, 2010 |website=www.fda.gov |access-date=26 December 2017 |language=en}} However, azeloprazole is not FDA approved in the United States.{{cite journal | vauthors = Katz PO, Gerson LB, Vela MF | title = Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease | journal = The American Journal of Gastroenterology | volume = 108 | issue = 3 | pages = 308–28; quiz 329 | date = March 2013 | pmid = 23419381 | doi = 10.1038/ajg.2012.444 | doi-access = free }}
Research
Azeloprazole completed phase II clinical trials for erosive esophagitis in Japan in 2017, and phase II clinical trials for GERD in the United States in 2016.