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bailiwick

{{Short description|The area of jurisdiction of a bailiff}}

A bailiwick ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-bailiwick.ogg|ˈ|b|eɪ|l|ɪ|w|ɪ|k}}){{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Definition of Bailiwick |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/bailiwick |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528221259/https://www.lexico.com/definition/bailiwick |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 28, 2020 |access-date=2021-01-16 |website=Lexico.com |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}} is usually the area of jurisdiction of a bailiff, and once also applied to territories in which a privately appointed bailiff exercised the sheriff's functions under a royal or imperial writ.

In English, the original French {{Lang|fr|bailie}} combined with {{Lang|ang|-wic}}, the Anglo-Saxon suffix (meaning a village) to produce a term meaning literally 'bailiff's village'—the original geographic scope of a bailiwick. In the 19th century, it was absorbed into American English as a metaphor for a sphere of knowledge or activity.

The term can also be used colloquially to mean 'one's area of expertise.'

The term survives in administrative usage in the British Crown Dependencies of the Channel Islands, which are grouped for administrative purposes into two bailiwicks{{snd}}the Bailiwick of Jersey (comprising the island of Jersey and uninhabited islets such as the Minquiers and Écréhous) and the Bailiwick of Guernsey (comprising the islands of Guernsey, Sark, Alderney, Brecqhou, Herm, Jethou and Lihou). A Bailiff heads each Channel Island bailiwick.

A bailiwick ({{langx|de|Ballei}}) was also the territorial division of the Teutonic Order. Here, various Komtur(en) formed a {{Lang|de|Ballei}} province.

Origin

The term originated in France (bailie being the Old French term for a bailiff). Under the ancien régime in France, the {{Lang|fr|bailli}} was the king's representative in a {{Lang|fr|bailliage}}, charged with the application of justice and control of the administration. In southern France, the term generally used was {{Lang|fr|sénéchal}} (cf seneschal) who held office in the {{Lang|fr|sénéchaussée}}. The administrative network of {{Lang|fr|baillages}} was established in the 13th century, based on the earlier medieval fiscal and tax divisions (the 'baillie') which had been used by earlier sovereign princes.Schneider, Zoë A.. The King's Bench: Bailiwick Magistrates and Local Governance in Normandy, 1670-1740. United Kingdom, University of Rochester Press, 2008. (For more on this French judicial system, see bailli, prévôt and Early Modern France.)

Bailiwick of Bicester Market End

At Bicester in Oxfordshire, the Lord of the Manor of Market End was the Earl of Derby who, in 1597, sold a 9,999-year lease to 31 principal tenants. This in effect gave the manorial rights to the leaseholders, ‘purchased for the benefit of those inhabitants or others who might hereafter obtain parts of the demesne’. The leaseholders elected a bailiff to receive the profits from the bailiwick, mainly from the administration of the market and distribute them to the shareholders. From the bailiff's title, the arrangement became known as the Bailiwick of Bicester Market End. By 1752 all of the original leases were in the hands of ten men, who leased the bailiwick control of the market to two local tradesmen."The market town of Bicester." A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 6. Ed. Mary D Lobel. London: Victoria County History, 1959. 14-56. British History Online. Web. 23 June 2022. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/oxon/vol6/pp14-56.

List of Bailiwicks

References

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External links

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{{Types of administrative country subdivision}}

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Category:Types of administrative division