ballistocardiography

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The ballistocardiograph (BCG) is a measure of ballistic forces generated by the heart.{{MeshName|Ballistocardiography}} The downward movement of blood through the descending aorta produces an upward recoil, moving the body upward with each heartbeat.{{Cite journal|last=Gordon|first=J. W.|date=April 1877|title=Certain Molar Movements of the Human Body produced by the Circulation of the Blood|journal=J Anat Physiol|volume=11 |issue=Pt 3|pages=533–536|pmc=1309740|pmid=17231163}} As different parts of the aorta expand and contract, the body continues to move downward and upward in a repeating pattern.{{Cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=Chang-Sei|last2=Ober|first2=Stephanie L.|last3=McMurtry|first3=M. Sean|last4=Finegan|first4=Barry A.|last5=Inan|first5=Omer T.|last6=Mukkamala|first6=Ramakrishna|last7=Hahn|first7=Jin-Oh|date=2016-08-09|title=Ballistocardiogram: Mechanism and Potential for Unobtrusive Cardiovascular Health Monitoring|journal=Scientific Reports|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|page=31297|doi=10.1038/srep31297|pmid=27503664|pmc=4977514|issn=2045-2322|bibcode=2016NatSR...631297K}} Ballistocardiography is a technique for producing a graphical representation of repetitive motions of the human body arising from the sudden ejection of blood into the great vessels with each heart beat.{{cite report |title=Ballistocardiography, a bibliography |website=NASA Technical Reports Server |date=September 1965 |hdl=2060/19650025919 |hdl-access=free}} It is a vital sign in the 1–20 Hz frequency range which is caused by the mechanical movement of the heart and can be recorded by noninvasive methods from the surface of the body. It was shown for the first time, after extensive research work by Isaac Starr, that the effect of main heart malfunctions can be identified by observing and analyzing the BCG signal.{{Cite journal | last1 = Pinheiro | first1 = E. | last2 = Postolache | first2 = O. | last3 = Girão | first3 = P. | title = Theory and Developments in an Unobtrusive Cardiovascular System Representation: Ballistocardiography | doi = 10.2174/1874120701004010201 |doi-access=free| journal = The Open Biomedical Engineering Journal | volume = 4 | pages = 201–216 | year = 2010 | pmid = 21673836 | pmc =3111731 }} Recent{{When|date=February 2024}} work also validates BCG could be monitored using camera in a non-contact manner.{{Cite journal | doi=10.1109/TBME.2016.2585109|pmid = 27362754| pmc=5523454| title=Simultaneous Monitoring of Ballistocardiogram and Photoplethysmogram Using a Camera| journal=IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering| volume=64| issue=5| pages=1003–1010| year=2017| last1=Shao| first1=Dangdang| last2=Tsow| first2=Francis| last3=Liu| first3=Chenbin| last4=Yang| first4=Yuting| last5=Tao| first5=Nongjian}}

One example of the use of a BCG is a ballistocardiographic scale, which measures the recoil of the persons body who is on the scale. A BCG scale is able to show a person's heart rate as well as their weight.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

The term ballistocardiograph originated from the Roman ballista, which is derived from the Greek word ballein (to throw), a machine for launching missiles, plus the Greek words for heart and writing.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}