bamboula
{{Short description|Drum}}
{{For|the 1848 composition by Louis Moreau Gottschalk|Bamboula (Gottschalk)}}
{{Infobox instrument
|background = percussion
|hornbostel_sachs = 211.212.1
|hornbostel_sachs_desc = Cylindrical drums
|classification = Membranophone}}
File:Dancing in Congo Square - Edward Winsor Kemble, 1886.jpg
A bamboula is a type of drum made from a rum barrel with skin stretched over one end.{{Cite book|last=Valdman|first=Albert|title=Dictionary of Louisiana Creole|year=1998|publisher=Indiana University Press|location=Bloomington, Ind.|isbn=978-0-253-33451-0}} It is also a dance accompanied by music from these drums.
History
File:Affiche danse bamboula.jpg.]]
Originating in Africa, the bamboula form appears in a Haitian song in 1757 and bamboula became a dance syncopation performed to the rhythm of the drum during festivals and ceremonies in Haiti (then Saint-Domingue). It was then exported to the United States (notably Mobile, Alabama, and the Virgin Islands) through Louisiana, by the slaves who were deported to New Orleans{{cite book|author=Society of Arts and Crafts|title=Theatre Arts|publisher=Theatre Publications, Inc.|location=New York|year=1919|url=https://archive.org/details/theatrearts00detrgoog}}{{cite book|author=Federal Writers' Project, Writers' Program|title=Louisiana: A Guide to the State|publisher=Hastings House|location=New York|year=1947|pages=98, 279|isbn=9781603540179 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lOSvzYLs3tMC}}{{Cite book | last=Courlander | first=Harold | author-link=Harold Courlander | title=A Treasury of Afro-American Folklore: The Oral Literature, Traditions, Recollections, Legends, Tales, Songs, Religious Beliefs, Customs, Sayings and Humor of Peoples of African American Descent in the Americas | date=December 2002 | publisher=Marlowe Company | isbn=978-1-56924-501-9 | pages=94–95}} during the 18th century with the arrival of the displaced French settlers of the island of San Domingo especially after the Haitian Revolution. The slaves congregated on the Congo Square to the edge of the area of the French Quarter of New Orleans to dance the bamboula.
In 1848, the American composer Louis Moreau Gottschalk, born in New Orleans, Louisiana, and whose maternal grandmother was a native of Saint-Domingue, composed a piece entitled Bamboula, the first of four Creole inspired piano works known as his Louisiana Quartet.
Use as an ethnic slur
In the present-day French language, the word bamboula has become an ethnic slur, directed at black people.{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/02/justice-theo-police-abuse-everyday-170212232543684.html|title=Justice for Theo: 'Police abuse is an everyday thing'|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2017-08-02}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.afrik.com/article12325.html|title=Un enseignant condamné pour avoir appelé son élève " bamboula "|last=Amiri|first=Maral|website=www.afrik.com|date=22 August 2007 |access-date=2017-08-02}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.dhnet.be/actu/faits/bamboula-rentre-chez-toi-sale-negre-51b74449e4b0de6db97777c4|title="Bamboula, rentre chez toi, sale nègre"|last=DH.be|access-date=2017-08-02|language=fr}}
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [https://folkways.si.edu/bamboula-dance-drums/african-american-music-world/track/smithsonian Bamboula Dance Drums] (includes audio sample), Smithsonian Global Sound.
- [http://www.streetswing.com/histmain/z3bmbla1.htm Bamboula Dance], Sonny Watson's StreetSwing
- {{cite news|url=http://www.virginislandsdailynews.com/index.pl/article_home?id=13672670 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20060310121705/http://www.virginislandsdailynews.com/index.pl/article_home?id=13672670 |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 10, 2006 |title=The Power of Dance: Bamboula has deep and strong ties to African heritage, island history and freedom fight |last=Morris |first=Ayesha |date=February 25, 2006 |publisher=The Virgin Islands Daily News |access-date=2009-05-20 }}
{{Percussion}}
Category:North American percussion instruments
Category:Culture of New Orleans
Category:Haitian musical instruments
Category:Afro-Virgin Islander culture
Category:Anti-African and anti-black slurs
{{Haiti-stub}}
{{Louisiana-stub}}
{{Membranophone-instrument-stub}}