basophilic stippling
{{Short description|Cytoplasmic granules in basophils}}
File:Basophilic stippling 2.jpg
Basophilic stippling, also known as punctate basophilia, is the presence of numerous basophilic granules that are dispersed through the cytoplasm of erythrocytes in a peripheral blood smear. They can be demonstrated to be RNA. They are composed of aggregates of ribosomes; degenerating mitochondria and siderosomes may be included in the aggregates.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}} In contrast to Pappenheimer bodies, they are negative with Perls' acid ferrocyanide stain for iron (i.e. no iron in basophilic stippling).{{Cite book |title=First Aid for the® USMLE® Step 1 2023 |date=2023 |publisher=McGraw Hill |isbn=978-1-264-94662-4 |editor-last=Le |editor-first=Tao |edition=33rd |location=New York Chicago San Francisco |pages=422 |editor-last2=Bhushan |editor-first2=Vikas |editor-last3=Coleman |editor-first3=Caroline |editor-last4=Jones |editor-first4=Stepanie |editor-last5=Kaparaliotis |editor-first5=Panagiotis |editor-last6=Kallianos |editor-first6=Kimberly}} Basophilic stippling is indicative of disturbed erythropoiesis. It can also be found in some normal individuals.{{cite journal |pmid=6202140 |year=1984 |last1=Cheson |first1=B. D |title=Basophilic stippling of red blood cells: A nonspecific finding of multiple etiology |journal=American Journal of Industrial Medicine |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=327–34 |last2=Rom |first2=W. N |last3=Webber |first3=R. C |doi=10.1002/ajim.4700050409 }}
Associated conditions
- Thalassemia{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vh6c9i_umwYC&q=thalassemias+has+basophilic+stippling&pg=PA5|title=Wintrobe's Atlas of Clinical Hematology|last1=Tkachuk|first1=Douglas C.|last2=Hirschmann|first2=Jan V.|last3=Wintrobe|first3=Maxwell Myer|date=2007|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780781770231|language=en}}{{page needed|date=February 2018}} (β-thalassemia Minor (i.e. Trait) & Major, and α-thalassemia, only when 3 gene loci defective: (--/-α))
- Severe megaloblastic anemia
- Hemolytic anemia
- Sickle-cell anemia
- Pyrimidine 5' nucleotidase deficiency{{cite journal |pmid=10504847 |year=1999 |last1=Seip |first1=M |title=Pyrimidine-5'-nucleotidase deficiency--congenital hemolytic anemia with basophilic stippling of erythrocytes |journal=Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening |volume=119 |issue=20 |pages=2996–8 }}
- Alcoholism{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ETekJSw2NnoC&q=alcoholism+has+ba&pg=PA964 |title = Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures|isbn = 978-1416066835|last1 = Chernecky|first1 = Cynthia C.|last2 = Berger|first2 = Barbara J.|date = 2007-06-14| publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences }}
- Myelodysplastic syndromes
- Sideroblastic anemia{{cite book|last1=Rodak|first1=Bernadette F.|title=Hematology : clinical principles and applications|date=2007|publisher=Saunders|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-1416030065|page=535|edition= 3rd}}
- Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4ehFny1MRLMC&q=congenital+dyserythropoietic+anemia++has+basophilic+stippling&pg=PA1654-IA1|title=Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics E-Book|last1=Kliegman|first1=Robert M.|last2=Stanton|first2=Bonita M. D.|last3=Geme|first3=Joseph St|last4=Schor|first4=Nina F.|last5=Behrman|first5=Richard E.|date=2011-06-01|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1437735895|language=en}}{{page needed|date=February 2018}}
- Primary myelofibrosis
- Leukemia{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ETekJSw2NnoC&q=alcoholism+has+basophilic+stippling&pg=PA964|title=Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures|last1=Chernecky|first1=Cynthia C.|last2=Berger|first2=Barbara J.|date=2007-06-14|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1416066835|language=en}}{{page needed|date=February 2018}}
- Erythroleukemia{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ETekJSw2NnoC&q=alcoholism+has+basophilic+stippling&pg=PA964|title=Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures|last1=Chernecky|first1=Cynthia C.|last2=Berger|first2=Barbara J.|date=2007-06-14|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1416066835|language=en}}{{page needed|date=February 2018}}
- Hemorrhage, e.g. from gastrointestinal tract
- CPD-choline phosphotransferase deficiency{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Kaa7xbFC1gC&q=CDP-Choline+Phosphotransferase+deficiency+has+basophilic+stippling&pg=RA2-PT411|title=Blood and Bone Marrow Pathology E-Book|last1=Porwit|first1=Anna|last2=McCullough|first2=Jeffrey|last3=Erber|first3=Wendy N.|date=2011-05-27|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0702045356|language=en}}{{page needed|date=February 2018}}
- Unstable hemoglobins
- Altered hemoglobin biosynthesis
- Heavy metal poisoning{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jjBTBwAAQBAJ&q=acquired+sideroblastic+anemia++has+basophilic+stippling&pg=PA306|title=Rodak's Hematology - E-Book: Clinical Principles and Applications|last1=Keohane|first1=Elaine|last2=Smith|first2=Larry|last3=Walenga|first3=Jeanine|date=2015-02-19|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323327169|language=en}}{{page needed|date=February 2018}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eakFLQfJVl0C&q=sickle+cell+anemia++has+basophilic+stippling&pg=PA196|title=Synopsis of Pediatric Emergency Medicine|last1=Fleisher|first1=Gary Robert|last2=Ludwig|first2=Stephen|last3=Silverman|first3=Benjamin K.|date=2002|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780781732741|language=en}}{{page needed|date=February 2018}}
- Lead poisoning
- Zinc
- Arsenic
- Silver
- Mercury
References
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{{Abnormal clinical and laboratory findings}}