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bean bag chair

{{short description|Anatomic chair design}}

{{Infobox furniture

|name = Sacco

|image = File:Zanotta Sacco chair with houndstooth upholstery.jpg

|designer = Piero Gatti, Cesare Paolini, Franco Teodoro

|made in = Italy

|date = 1968

|materials = Leather or textile (shell), expanded polystyrene (filling)

|style = Italian Radical design

|sold_by = Zanotta S.p.A.

|collection = ADI Design Museum, Centre Pompidou, Museum of Modern Art, Victoria and Albert Museum, et al.

}}

The Sacco chair (also known as a beanbag chair, or simply a beanbag), is a large pear-shaped bag or sack ({{langx|it|sacco}}) made of leather or fabric and filled with expanded polystyrene foam pellets ({{gloss|beans}}) or a similar material. It is an example of anatomic design, as its form is determined by the user's body. The Sacco chair was designed by Piero Gatti, Cesare Paolini and {{Ill|Franco Teodoro|it}} in 1968, and became "one of the icons of the Italian anti-design movement. Its complete flexibility and formlessness made it the perfect antidote to the static formalism of mainstream Italian furniture of the period” according to design historian Penny Spark.{{Cite book |last=Sparke |first=Penny |url=https://archive.org/details/designinitaly1870000spar |title=Design in Italy : 1870 to the present |date=1988 |publisher=New York : Abbeville Press |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-89659-884-3}}{{cite web |last=Vitra Design Museum |title=Sacco |url=http://www.design-museum.de/en/collection/100-masterpieces/detailseiten/sacco-gatti-paolini-teodoro.html |accessdate=25 September 2014}}

The Sacco chair was awarded the Compasso d'Oro, and is in the collections of many museums, including the Museum of Modern Art in New York, Musée National d'Art Moderne in Paris, the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, and ADI Design Museum in Milan.{{Cite web |last=Spolini |first=Nicoletta |date=2020-09-09 |title=Compasso D'Oro. Finalmente all'ADI Design Museum |url=https://www.vogue.it/news/gallery/compasso-doro-2020-vincitori-adi-design-museum |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=Vogue Italia |language=it-IT}}{{Cite web |title=Piero Gatti, Cesare Paolini, Franco Teodoro. Sacco Chair. 1968 |url=https://www.moma.org/collection/works/92873 |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=Museum of Modern Art}}{{Cite web |title=Pouf Sacco |url=https://www.centrepompidou.fr/en/ressources/oeuvre/cKx56bb |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=Centre Pompidou |language=en-EN}}{{Citation |last1=Gatti |first1=Piero |title=Sacco Chair |date=1968–1969 |url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O126915/sacco-chair-chair/sacco-chair-chair-gatti-piero/ |access-date=2025-01-21 |last2=Paolini |first2=Cesare |last3=Teodoro |first3=Franco |last4=Zanotta SpA}}

History

Sacco was introduced in 1968 by three Italian designers: Piero Gatti, Cesare Paolini, and Franco Teodoro. The object was created in the Italian Modernism movement.{{Cite web|last=MOMA|first=Museum of Modern Art, New York|date=|title=Object lesson: Paola Antonelli|url=https://www.christies.com/features/Object_lesson_Paolo_Antonelli-5621-1.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424174448/http://www.christies.com/features/Object_lesson_Paolo_Antonelli-5621-1.aspx |archive-date=2017-04-24 |access-date=2020-11-17|website=Museum of Modern Art, New York|language=en-US}} Italian modernism's design was highly inspired by newly available technologies. Post-war technology allowed an increase in the processes of production by introducing new materials such as polystyrene. The idea of mass-produced goods made within an inexpensive price range appealed to consumers. It therefore created the need for a revolution in the creative and manufacturing processes.

The architect, Cesare Paolini, was born in Genoa and graduated from the Polytechnic University of Turin. Franco Teodoro and Piero Gatti, the designers, studied at the Istituto Tecnico Industriale Statale per le Arti Grafiche e Fotografiche of Turin. They established their architecture firm in Turin in 1965.{{Cite web |title=Piero Gatti, Cesare Paolini, Franco Teodoro Archivi |url=https://www.museoomero.it/opere/autori/pietro-gatto-cesare-paolini-franco-teodoro/ |access-date=2024-08-10 |website=Museo Omero |language=it-IT}}

File:Piero Gatti, Cesare Paolini and Franco Teodoro, authors of Sacco.jpg

Piero Gatti, Cesare Paolini and Franco Teodoro, inspired by their designer predecessors, came up in 1968 with the design of Sacco, the "shapeless chair".{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title='Sacco' beanbag designed by Piero Gatti, Cesare Paolini and Franco Teodoro, Object No. 87/809 |url=https://collection.powerhouse.com.au/object/78800 |access-date= |website=Powerhouse Museum (Museum of Applied Arts & Sciences, Australia)}} Although it was not the first design of an amorphous chair in Italian history, Sacco was the first successful product created in partnership with Zanotta. The predecessor of the product had a major design flaw. It was unable to sustain its form and never reached production. Sacco addressed that flaw with the use of leather for the exterior and carefully placed stitching. The use of leather was not coincidental, as at that time the textile was a product of national pride in Italy.{{cite book |last=Raizman |first=David |editor-last=May |editor-first=Susie |title=History of Modern Design Second Edition |publisher=Laurence King Publishing |date=2010 |pages=256–306 |chapter=Part V: Humanism and Luxury: International Modernism and Mass Culture after World War II (1945–1960) |isbn=978-1-85669-694-4}} The target user of the chair was the hippie community, as their non-conformist values aligned with the chair's unconventional design.

Sacco is part of the permanent collection of the most important museums of contemporary art throughout the world, such as the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, the Centre Pompidou in Paris, and the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.

Sacco was part of the 1972 exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in New York Italy: The New Domestic Landscape{{dash}}Achievements and Problems of Italian Design.{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Italy: The New Domestic Landscape|url=https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/1783|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919111322/http://moma.org:80/calendar/exhibitions/1783? |archive-date=2016-09-19 |access-date=2020-11-17|website=MOMA, Museum of Modern Art, New York}}

In 2025, the Sacco was included in Pirouette: Turning Points in Design, an exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art featuring "widely recognized design icons [...] highlighting pivotal moments in design history."{{Cite web |title=Zanotta alla mostra “Pirouette: turning points in design” |url=https://www.zanotta.com/it/magazine/exhibitions/zanotta-alla-mostra-pirouette-turning-points-in-design |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=Zanotta |language=it-IT}}{{Cite web |date=2025-01-23 |title=NASA Worm as Art, Museum of Modern Art Opens Exhibition Featuring NASA Worm |url=https://www.nasa.gov/get-involved/art-program/museum-of-modern-art-exhibits-nasa-worm/ |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=NASA |language=en-US}}[https://press.moma.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MoMA_Pirouette-Viewing-Checklist_Final.pdf Pirouette: Turning Points in Design]

Awards

The Sacco was recognised with a M.I.A. award at the 1968 Mostra Internazionale dell'Arredamento in Monza, and received the 1973 BIO 5 award at the Biennale of Design in Ljubljana.{{citation needed|date=January 2025||reason=both claims require substantiating refs}}

In 2020, exactly fifty years after the design was first overlooked by the ADI jury, failing to win the 1970 award, the Sacco chair received the Compasso d'Oro Award and was added to the collection of the ADI Design Museum in Milan.{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=The winners of the 2020 Compasso d'Oro Awards |url=https://www.domusweb.it/en/design/gallery/2020/09/09/the-winners-of-the-compasso-doro-awards.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200912045529/https://www.domusweb.it/en/design/gallery/2020/09/09/the-winners-of-the-compasso-doro-awards.html |archive-date=2020-09-12 |access-date=2020-11-17|website=Domus}}{{Cite web |title=SACCO |url=https://www.adidesignmuseum.org/en/schede/sacco/ |access-date=2024-06-29 |website=ADI Design Museum |language=en-US}}

Exhibitions

The bean bag chair has been prominently featured in several exhibitions, showcasing its significance in design and art history. At the Museum of Modern Art, New York, it was included in the ‘‘Recent Acquisitions: Design Collection’’ exhibition from 1 December 1970 to 31 January 1971, and later in ‘‘Italy: The New Domestic Landscape,’’ held from 26 May to 11 September 1972. It also appeared at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in ‘‘The Italian Metamorphosis, 1943–1968,’’ from 7 October 1994 to 22 January 1995, which subsequently traveled to the Triennale di Milano (February–May 1995) and Kunstmuseum Wolfsburg (May–September 1995).

The Museum of Modern Art, New York revisited the bean bag chair in its ‘‘Architecture and Design: Inaugural Installation,’’ displayed from 20 November 2004 to 7 November 2005. More recently, it was featured at the Kanal–Centre Pompidou in Brussels as part of the ‘’[https://kanal.brussels/en/exhibitions/phantom-offices Phantom Offices]’’ exhibition, held from 23 January to 30 June 2019. In September 2019, the Cité de l’Architecture et du Patrimoine in Paris included the bean bag chair in ‘‘Architects’ Furniture: 1960–2020.’’ Lastly, it appeared in the ‘’Déjà-vu. Le design dans notre quotidien’’ exhibition at the Musée d’Art Moderne et Contemporain in Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, which ran from 15 December 2020 to 22 August 2021.{{Cite web |title=Déjà-vu. Le design dans notre quotidien |trans-title=Déjà-vu. Design in our daily lives |url=https://mamc.saint-etienne.fr/en/exhibition/deja-vu-design-our-daily-lives |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=MAMC}}

= Collections =

{{Expand section|with=additional references|date=January 2025|small=no}}

In popular culture

{{Expand section|date=January 2025|small=no}}

File:FRANCESCOFRANCOTEODORO 01.jpg

Sacco often appears in the Peanuts comic strips of Charles M. Schulz.{{Cite web |title=The Sacco Armchair, the most revolutionary seat ever |url=https://www.finestresullarte.info/en/works-and-artists/the-sacco-armchair-the-most-revolutionary-seat-ever |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=Finestre sull' Arte |language=en}}

The Sacco appears in the 1981 Italian comedy Fracchia la belva umana.{{Cite web |last=Delisi |first=Alessia |date=2022-09-14 |title=Poltrona Sacco: da icona del Made in Italy a modello di design ecologico |url=https://www.ad-italia.it/gallery/poltrona-sacco-icona-made-in-italy-arredamento/ |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=Architectural Digest Italia |language=it-IT}}{{Cite web |title="Può sedersi su quel sacco": 21 arredi che hanno cambiato le regole del gioco |url=https://www.domusweb.it/it/design/gallery/2021/05/31/pu%C3%B2-sedersi-su-quel-sacco-20-1-game-changers-del-design-domestico.html |access-date=2025-01-29 |website=Domus |language=it}}

Other companies and designers have created products, DIY kits, and homemade versions inspired by the original Sacco.{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/jun/02/beanbag-chair-make-your-own# | title=How to bag a beanbag chair | work=The Guardian | date=2 June 2009 | accessdate=10 January 2014 | author=Griffiths, Sally}}{{Cite web |last=Ro |first=Liza Corsillo, Lauren |date=2024-12-11 |title=The Very Best Beanbag Chairs |url=https://nymag.com/strategist/article/best-bean-bag-chairs.html |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=The Strategist |language=en}}

Bibliography

  • Paola Antonelli (Museum of Modern Art | MOMA), [http://www.christies.com/features/Object_lesson_Paolo_Antonelli-5621-1.aspx Sacco Chair | Object Lesson]
  • Ingrid Halland, The unstable object: Glifo, Blow, Sacco at MoMA, 1972, Journal of Design History, Volume 33, Issue 4, December 2020, Pages 329–345, Oxford University Press, https://doi.org/10.1093/jdh/epz051
  • Cindi Strauss, Germano Celant, J. Taylor Kubala, Radical{{dash}}Italian Design 1965–1985{{dash}}The Dennis Freedman Collection, Yale University Press, 2020
  • Mel Byars, The Design Encyclopedia, New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1994
  • Emilio Ambasz [a cura di], Italy: The New Domestic Landscape{{dash}}Achievements and Problems of Italian Design, New York, Museum Of Modern Art, 1972
  • Margaret Timmers, The Way We Live Now: Designs for Interiors 1950 to the Present Day, Victoria and Albert Museum, 1978
  • Grace Lees-Maffei, Kjetil Fallan [editors], Made in Italy Rethinking a Century of Italian Design, London, Bloomsbury Academic, 2014
  • Paola Antonelli, Matilda McQuaid, Objects of Design from the Museum of Modern Art, Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.), 2003
  • Bernhard E. Bürdek, Design Storia, Teoria e Pratica del Design del Prodotto, Roma, Gangemi Editore, 2008
  • Victoria and Albert Museum. Circulation Department, Whitechapel Art Gallery, Modern Chairs 1918–1970, London: Lund Humphries. 1971
  • Victor Papanek, Design for the Real World, New York: 1974
  • Moderne Klassiker, Mobel, die Geschichte machen, Hamburg, 1982
  • Kathryn B. Hiesinger and George H. Marcus III (eds.), Design Since 1945, Philadelphia, Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1983
  • Fifty Chairs that Changed the World: Design Museum Fifty, London's Design Museum, London, {{ISBN|978-1-84091-540-2}}
  • Charlotte Fiell, Peter Fiell, Plastic dreams: synthetic visions in design, Carlton Books Ltd, 2010, {{ISBN|978-1-906863-08-1}}
  • Anne Bony, Design: History, Main Trends, Major Figures, Larousse/Chambers, 2005
  • Bernd Polster, Claudia Newman, Markus Schuler, The A–Z of Modern Design, Merrell Publishers Ltd, 2009, {{ISBN|978-1-85894-502-6}}
  • Domitilla Dardi, Il design in cento oggetti, Federico Motta Editore, Milano, 2008, {{ISBN|978-88-7179-586-7}}
  • Anty Pansera, Il Design del mobile italiano dal 1946 a oggi, Laterza, 1990
  • Charles Boyce, Joseph T. Butler, Dictionary of Furniture, Simon and Schuster, New York, 2014, {{ISBN|978-1-62873-840-7}}
  • Michael Tambini, The Look of the Century, DK Pub., 1999, {{ISBN|978-0-7894-4635-0}}
  • AA.VV., 100 objects of italian design La Triennale di Milano: Permanent Collection of Italian Design, The Milan Triennale, Gangemi Editore
  • Germano Celant [ed.], preface by Umberto Eco,[https://www.guggenheim.org/publication/the-italian-metamorphosis-1943-1968 The Italian Metamorphosis, 1943–1968], Guggenheim Museum Publications, New York, 1994, {{ISBN|0-8109-6871-1}}
  • Fiorella Bulegato, Elena Dellapiana, Il design degli architetti italiani 1920–2000, Mondadori Electa, 2014, {{ISBN|978-88-370-9562-8}}

References

{{reflist}}

External links

  • [https://collection.design-museum.de/#/en/object/42872?_k=o5w5iz Vitra Design Museum]
  • Paola Antonelli (Museum of Modern Art, New York), [http://www.christies.com/features/Object_lesson_Paolo_Antonelli-5621-1.aspx Sacco Chair | Object Lesson]
  • [https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/1783 Italy: The New Domestic Landscape, Museum Of Modern Art, New York]
  • [https://www.guggenheim.org/exhibition/the-italian-metamorphosis-1943-1968 The Italian Metamorphosis, 1943–1968, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York]
  • [https://www.moma.org/artists/4487 Cesare Paolini [architect], Museum Of Modern Art, New York]
  • [https://www.moma.org/artists/5830 Franco Teodoro, Museum Of Modern Art, New York]
  • [https://www.moma.org/artists/2094 Piero Gatti, Museum Of Modern Art, New York]

Category:Furniture

Category:Seats

Category:Modernism

Category:Products introduced in 1968

Category:History of furniture

Category:Italian design

Category:Italian inventions

Category:Compasso d'Oro Award recipients

Category:Individual models of furniture

Category:1960s in Italy