beer hall

{{Short description|Large drinking establishment, German origin}}

File:Munich - Hofbräuhaus am Platzl - 0810.jpg beer hall in Munich, Germany]]

A beer hall or beer palace ({{Langx|de|Bierhalle, Bierpalast}}) refers to a type of establishment that gained significant popularity in the 19th century, particularly across Central Europe. These venues were pivotal to the social and cultural life of cities renowned for their brewing traditions, such as Munich, Dortmund, Berlin, and Graz. Frequently, they boasted grand interiors, sometimes spanning up to 1,500 square metres, designed to host large gatherings. Many beer halls were located adjacent to breweries, which added to their charm by offering freshly brewed beer in cosy settings often referred to as "brewing lounges" or "beer houses." They became emblematic of communal enjoyment, festivity, and the celebration of beer culture.

Germany

File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1978-004-12A, NSDAP-Versammlung im Bürgerbräukeller, München.jpg at the Bürgerbräukeller beer hall, Munich, circa 1923]]

Beer halls are a traditional part of Bavarian culture, rooted in the region's rich brewing history, and they feature prominently in Oktoberfest.{{cite web | last=Steves | first=Rick | author-link=Rick Steves | title=Munich Madness: Oktoberfest and Beer Halls by Rick Steves | website=Rick Steves Europe | url=https://www.ricksteves.com/watch-read-listen/read/articles/munich-madness-oktoberfest-and-beer-halls | access-date=8 July 2020}} Originating as large public drinking spaces connected to breweries, they have become iconic symbols of communal festivity and beer culture. Bosch notes that the beer halls of Oktoberfest, known in German as Festzelte (festival tents), are more accurately referred to as "beer tents", as they are temporary structures built in the open air.{{Cite journal|last=Bosch|first=Claudia|date=2011|title='Ein Prosit der Gemütlichkeit': The German Beer Hall as Place of Cultural Performance|url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=246275|journal=Environment, Space, Place|volume=3|issue=2|pages=97–121 at 97–98|doi=10.7761/ESP.3.2.97 |issn=2068-9616|url-access=subscription}} Across Munich, the various Festzelte at Oktoberfest can accommodate over 100,000 people collectively.

Bavaria's capital Munich is the city most associated with beer halls; almost every brewery in Munich operates a beer hall. The largest beer hall, the 5,000-seat Mathäser,{{efn|"The Mathäser billed itself as "the largest beer hall in the world" with over 7000 seats"{{cite book | last=Gaab | first=J.S. | title=Munich: Hofbräuhaus & History : Beer, Culture, & Politics | publisher=P. Lang |location=New York, New York| year=2006 | isbn=978-0-8204-8606-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-X4jgPG0360C&pg=PA97 | access-date=8 July 2020 | page=97}}}} near the Munich central station, has been converted into a movie theater.{{cite book | last=Hawthorne | first=Larry |location=Hemet, California | title=The Beer Drinker's Guide to Munich | publisher=Freizeit Publishers | year=2005 | isbn=978-0-9628555-2-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-w75LWVCvOkC&pg=PA95 | access-date=8 July 2020 | page=95}}

The Bürgerbräukeller in Munich lent its name to the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch, an attempted Nazi coup led by Adolf Hitler.{{Cite web|title=Bürgerbräukeller, München – Historisches Lexikon Bayerns|url=https://www.historisches-lexikon-bayerns.de/Lexikon/B%C3%BCrgerbr%C3%A4ukeller,_M%C3%BCnchen|access-date=2020-07-07|website=www.historisches-lexikon-bayerns.de}}

United States

File:German Winter Garden, by Fritz Meyer.png, New York, 1856]]

American beer halls became popular in the mid-19th century, following a wave of immigration from Germany to the United States. They became an alternative to the American-style tavern.{{Cite book|last=Ruschmann|first=Paul|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199734962.001.0001/acref-9780199734962-e-0054|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America|date=2013|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-973496-2|editor-last=Smith|editor-first=Andrew F.|edition=2nd|location=New York|pages=155–56|chapter=Beer Halls|oclc=781555950}}

St. Louis, Missouri is home to a number of beer halls, some of which seat several hundred persons.{{cite news |last=Brown |first=Lisa |date=10 December 2017 |title=St. Louis craft brewers expand facilities as competition mounts |url=https://www.stltoday.com/business/local/st-louis-craft-brewers-expand-facilities-as-competition-mounts/article_3bfc4029-e8a8-5d22-ac6b-c1c432bd1691.html |work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |access-date=7 July 2020}} Hofbräuhaus has eight franchised beer halls in the United States.{{cite news |last=Brown |first=Lisa |date=1 December 2017 |title=After delays, Hofbräuhaus brewery in Belleville to open in January |url=https://www.stltoday.com/business/local/after-delays-hofbr-uhaus-brewery-in-belleville-to-open-in-january/article_26330bdb-02f4-5d41-a9a7-d29dd345ae55.html |work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |access-date=7 July 2020}}

The Loerzel Beer Hall was built around 1873 in Saugerties, Ulster County, New York, and was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 2000.{{NRISref|version=2010a}} It is currently an apartment building.

German brewers who immigrated to Milwaukee, Wisconsin built "hundreds of distinctive taverns and beer halls", and also built and established large outdoor beer gardens.{{cite book | last=Cross | first=J.A. | title=Ethnic Landscapes of America |location=Cham, Switzerland| publisher=Springer International Publishing | year=2017 | isbn=978-3-319-54009-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mCopDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA270 | access-date=8 July 2020 | page=270}}

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{{Commonscat-inline|Beer halls}}

Category:Types of drinking establishment

Category:German beer culture