boondoggle

{{Short description|Project that continues despite its wastefulness}}

A boondoggle is a project that is considered a waste of both time and money, yet is often continued due to extraneous policy or political motivations.

Etymology

File:YellowDoggle.png

"Boondoggle" was the name of the newspaper of the Roosevelt Troop of the Boy Scouts, based in Rochester, New York, and it first appeared in print in 1927.{{cite news |date=1927-12-04 |title=Scouts of Roosevelt Troop Plan Contest |work=Rochester Democrat and Chronicle |page=section 3, p. 15}} From there it passed into general use in scouting in the 1930s.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/32275000/?terms=boondoggle|date=21 Sep 1930|title=Boondoggle|page =11 |journal=The Jacksonville Daily Journal |via=Newspapers.com|access-date=2017-05-30|language=en}} It was attributed to a boy scout from Rochester who coined the term to describe "a new type of uniform decoration". After the presentation of honorific boondoggles at a World Jamboree, the use of the word spread to other troops and branches.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/11352859/origins_of_the_word_boondoggle_1931/|title=Origins of the word 'boondoggle' |date=1931-07-19|work=The Decatur Herald|access-date=2017-05-30|pages=9}} An Oakland scout troop presented a "boondoggle" as an award for attendees who spent seven days and nights at Camp Dimond.{{cite web|url=http://oaklandwiki.org/Camp_Dimond,_Boy_Scouts_of_America|title=Camp Dimond, Boy Scouts of America|website=Oaklandwiki.org|access-date=January 23, 2022}} That boondoggle was described as a "red leather strip which terminates in a red wooden diamond on which is painted the number 1930."{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/11352614/oakland_scouting_boondoggles_1931/|title=Scouting, boondoggles |date=1931|work=Oakland Tribune|access-date=2017-05-30|page=25}} The "boondoggle" was described in the Ogden Standard-Examiner in 1930 as a hand-made item crafted from brightly colored leather strips.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/11352450/boondoggle_camp_mystery_1930/|title='Boondoggle' camp mystery |date=1930-06-01|work=The Ogden Standard-Examiner|access-date=2017-05-30|page=22}} In 1931, it was similarly described as a "bright lanyard made of leatherstrip".{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/11352794/materials_ready_for_handicraft_1931/|title=Materials ready for handicraft |date=1931-06-07|work=Standard-Examiner|access-date=2017-05-30|page=22}}

Early usage

File:Japanese Wood Badge and woggle.jpg

In 1935, an article in The New York Times reported that more than $3 million had been spent on recreational activities for the jobless as part of the New Deal. Among these activities were crafts classes, where the production of "boon doggles", described in the article as various utilitarian "gadgets" made with scoubidou cloth or leather, were taught.{{cite news | title=$3,187,000 relief is spent to teach jobless to play; $19,658,512 voted for April; 'Boon Doggles' Made |date=April 4, 1935 | work=The New York Times| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1935/04/04/archives/3187000-relief-is-spent-to-teach-jobless-to-play-19658512-voted-for.html}} The phrase became popular due to its use by the flamboyant criminal lawyer Lloyd Paul Stryker.

In her 1993 memoir Nothing But the Truth, journalist Marguerite Young wrote of the 1930s:

I thought official figures and events seemed to say the biggest thing was relief—feeding the hungry, made work such as raking leaves which gave the English language a new word, boondoggle.

{{cite book

| first = Marguerite

| last = Young

| title = Nothing but the Truth

| publisher = Carlton

| pages = XXX (boondoggle)

| date = 1993

| lccn = 93219200

}}

Dynamics

File:Xanadu Indoor Ski.JPG has been criticized as a boondoggle.{{cite web|url=http://blog.nj.com/njv_editorial_page/2011/05/xanadu_re-boot_is_salvage_oper.html |title=Xanadu re-boot is salvage operation | NJ.com |date=2 May 2011 |publisher=Blog.nj.com |access-date=2014-05-12}}]]

The term "boondoggle" may also be used to refer to protracted government or corporate projects involving large numbers of people and usually heavy expenditure, where at some point, the key operators, having realized that the project will never work, are still reluctant to bring this to the attention of their superiors. Generally there is an aspect of "going through the motions"—for example, continuing research and development—as long as funds are available to keep paying the researchers' and executives' salaries.

The situation can be allowed to continue for what seems like unreasonably long periods, as senior management are often reluctant to admit that they allowed a failed project to go on for so long. In many cases, the actual device itself may eventually work, but not well enough to ever recoup its development costs.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}}

One example is the RCA "SelectaVision" video disk system project, begun in the early 1960s and continuing for nearly 20 years, long after cheaper and better alternatives had come to market. RCA was estimated to have spent about $750 million (1985 dollars) (equivalent to $1.65 billion in 2014 dollars) on this commercially nonviable system, which was one of the factors leading to its sale to GE and later breakup in 1986.

Balanced literacy, a theory of teaching reading and writing the English language that arose in the 1990s, was prominent in early literacy curricula across the United States until the 2020s after decades of overall low reading achievement and a persistent racial gap. One publisher of balanced literacy materials, Heinemann made at least $1.6 billion in sales during a ten-year period between 2012 and 2022.{{cite web|url=https://www.apmreports.org/episode/2022/11/10/sold-a-story-e5-the-company|title=Transcript of Sold a Story E5: The Company|date=11 November 2022}} Supporters of balanced literacy claim there is no reading crisis because the scores on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) were mostly flat for decades,{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2023/05/23/phonics-reading-analysis/|title=On the latest obsession with phonics|newspaper=The Washington Post |date=23 May 2023}} with 37 percent reading below Basic level.{{cite web|url=https://tomloveless.com/posts/literacy-and-naep-proficient/|title=Literacy and NAEP Proficient|date=11 June 2023}} However, at least 18 states are considering new laws to remove balanced literacy and instead use methods aligned with cognitive science research about how children learn to read.{{cite web|url=https://www.apmreports.org/story/2023/05/18/legislators-reading-laws-sold-a-story|title=After Sold a Story, more states spell out reading instruction|date=18 May 2023}}

File:USS Zumwalt is on the final leg of its three-month journey to its new homeport in San Diego. (31620613005).jpg

The F-35 Joint Strike Fighter program has suffered massive cost and schedule overruns and the fighter's military utility is the subject of heated controversy, yet the program continues to be the highest priority procurement activity for the United States Department of Defense.{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/wp/2014/07/25/how-the-f-35-boondoggle-shows-that-deficit-hawkery-is-a-sham/ |title=How the F-35 boondoggle shows that deficit hawkery is a sham |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=2014-08-14}}

The Zumwalt-class destroyer and Littoral combat ship have been described similarly.{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2016/12/zumwalt-class-navy-stealth-destroyer-program-failure/|title=How the Navy's Zumwalt-Class Destroyers Ran Aground|website=National Review|date=19 December 2016}}{{cite web|url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/why-navys-littoral-combat-ships-are-so-terrible-90066/|title=Why the Navy's Littoral Combat Ships Are so Terrible|date=21 October 2019}}

The Berlin Brandenburg Airport opened eight years after its original scheduled completion at a cost of 7 billion euros, almost three times its original budget. One of the more glaring causes of its overruns was a fire safety system intended to vent smoke downward, against its natural flow. This system was devised by one of the project's designers who falsely claimed to be an engineer.{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-10-30/berlin-s-7-billion-brandenburg-airport-finally-opens-in-the-depths-of-a-crisis|title=Berlin's $7 Billion Brandenburg Airport Finally Opens in the Depths of a Crisis|newspaper=Bloomberg|date=30 October 2020 |access-date=January 23, 2022}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/b267bd42-33ba-4c9b-98df-b936b7d7590a|title=Berlin airport shows new German government how not to finance growth|first=Patrick|last=Jenkins|website=Ft.com|date=December 5, 2021}}

Target Canada opened 133 stores starting in 2013 but shut down completely after two years, producing a write-down for its parent company of over 5 billion US dollars.{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/target-admits-it-missed-the-mark-but-what-does-it-mean-for-canadian-retail-1.2906830|title=Target admits it missed the mark, but what does it mean for Canadian retail?|website=Cbc.ca|access-date=January 23, 2022}}{{Cite web|url=http://corporate.target.com/press/releases/2015/01/target-corporation-announces-plans-to-discontinue|title=Target Corporation Announces Plans to Discontinue Canadian Operations|website=Target Corporate}} The fiasco was set into motion by Target acquiring almost $2 billion worth of leases from the defunct retailer Zellers, which compelled Target to hurriedly open more than 100 stores without a working supply chain in place.{{Cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/billion-dollar-failures-how-bad-decisions-and-poor-it-killed-target-canada/|title=Billion-dollar mistake: How inferior IT killed Target Canada|first=David|last=Gewirtz|website=ZDNet}}

The Lower Churchill Project in Newfoundland and Labrador, slated for completion in 2021, overran its initial Can$6.2 billion budget by more than 6 billion. Current Nalcor Energy CEO Stan Marshall has described the project as a boondoggle.{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/industry-news/energy-and-resources/nalcor-energy-head-to-give-update-on-troubled-muskrat-falls-hydro-project/article30605602/|title='Project was not the right choice': Muskrat Falls estimate surpasses $11-billion|author=Sue Bailey|newspaper=The Globe and Mail|date=24 June 2016|publisher=The Globe and Mail Inc.|agency=The Canadian Press|access-date=2016-06-24}}

The California High-Speed Rail has also been criticized as a boondoggle due to major cost overruns and long delays in construction.{{cite web|url=https://www.ocregister.com/2019/06/13/californias-high-speed-rail-is-the-very-definition-of-a-boondoggle|title=California's high-speed rail is the very definition of a boondoggle|date=June 13, 2019|website=The Orange County Register|access-date=November 27, 2020}} When originally proposed in 2008, the project cost was estimated to be $40 billion with a proposed completion date in 2022. The projected cost has since increased to as high as $98 billion with rail service not projected to begin until 2029 at the earliest.{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/editorials/needed-someone-brave-enough-to-stop-californias-crazy-train|title=Needed: Someone brave enough to stop California's crazy train|date=December 9, 2018|website=Washington Examiner|access-date=November 27, 2020}}

Since 2014, the US Public Interest Research Group has documented 58 highway boondoggle projects that have been planned, cancelled or constructed. In all, these 58 projects cost US Taxpayers $135 billion in capital costs, as well as constantly increasing maintenance costs.{{Cite web|url=https://uspirg.org/feature/usp/highway-boondoggles|title = Highway Boondoggles |website=Uspirg.org}}

Successful boondoggles

File:Stairs of Sydney Opera House.jpg

While cost overruns are a common factor in declaring a project a boondoggle, that does not necessarily mean the project has no benefit.

Time and cost overruns are common, even with successful projects, and the benefits of a project may ultimately outweigh them. For example, the cost of construction of the Sydney Opera House ballooned over 1,400 percent, but the building has since become an icon for the city and for Australia.

Another example is "Cockcroft's Folly", a set of air scrubbers added, at great expense and complication, to the Windscale nuclear reactor late in the project's construction. However, the amount of radioactive fallout released by the 1957 Windscale fire was substantially reduced by the presence of the scrubbers.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cumbria-29803990|title=Windscale Piles: Cockcroft's Follies avoided nuclear disaster|first=Duncan|last=Leatherdale|work=BBC News|date=November 4, 2014}}

Koutoku Wamura (often spelled Kotaku Wamura),{{Cite web|url=https://www.listennotes.com/podcasts/middle/episode-8-another-extended-8IO5GUAiSnR/|title=Episode 8 — Another Extended Break (Which we promise not to do so often)|website=Listennotes.com|date=19 June 2015 |language=en|access-date=2019-08-23}} a ten-term mayor of Fudai, Iwate, Japan, built a {{convert|16|m|adj=on}}-high seawall during the 1970s to protect the village from tsunamis.{{Cite web|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news-2-15012/village-unscathed-by-tsunami-thanks-to-mayor-s-crazy-idea-1-1631568|title=Village unscathed by tsunami - thanks to mayor's 'crazy idea'|website=Scotsman.com|date=23 April 2012 |language=en|access-date=2019-08-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823165918/https://www.scotsman.com/news-2-15012/village-unscathed-by-tsunami-thanks-to-mayor-s-crazy-idea-1-1631568 |archive-date=2019-08-23}} The village council balked at the size of the wall and the cost, but Wamura persuaded them that it was the only way to protect lives.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna43018489|title=How one Japanese village defied the tsunami|last=Hosaka|first=Tomoko A. |date=2011-05-13|work=nbc.com|language=en|access-date=2019-08-23}} When the tsunami of 11 March 2011 struck Fudai, the village was left virtually untouched, and residents now visit Wamura's grave to pay their respects.

After its launch in 1990, and the discovery that a flaw in its optics meant that the Hubble Space Telescope was unable to carry out most of its science objectives, it was described as a "techno turkey". A repair mission in 1993 restored its capabilities, and successive maintenance missions have allowed it to be an invaluable tool for observation and understanding of the universe.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/07/science/space/07hubb.html|title=Hubble, NASA's Comeback Kid, Survives to See a New Dawn|first=Dennis|last=Overbye|newspaper=The New York Times|date=November 7, 2006}}

References

External links

{{cite web|url=https://www.vocabulary.com/articles/wordroutes/the-story-of-boondoggle-a-useful-word-for-useless-work |title= The Story of "Boondoggle": A Useful Word for Useless Work|date=2015-09-22}}

Category:Slang

Category:1930s slang

Category:American slang

Category:Pejorative terms

Category:Great Depression

Category:Waste of resources