bronchopneumonia
{{Short description|Human disease}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
|name = Bronchopneumonia
|synonym = Bronchial pneumonia, bronchogenic pneumonia
|image = Lobar Pneumonia and bronchopneumonia illustrated.jpg
|image_size = 150
|alt =
|caption = Typical distribution of lobar pneumonia (left in image) and bronchopneumonia (right in image)
|pronounce =
|specialty = Pulmonology, infectious disease
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Bronchopneumonia is a subtype of pneumonia. It is the acute inflammation of the bronchi, accompanied by inflamed patches in the nearby lobules of the lungs.{{cite web|url=https://www.yourdictionary.com/bronchopneumonia|title=bronchopneumonia|website=YourDictionary|access-date=2020-01-08}} citing: Webster's New World College Dictionary, Fifth Edition, Copyright 2014
It is often contrasted with lobar pneumonia; but, in clinical practice, the types are difficult to apply, as the patterns usually overlap.{{cite web|url=https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/lungnontumorinfectionsgeneral.html|title=Lung - nontumor, Infections, Pneumonia - general|website=PathologyOutlines|author=Elliot Weisenberg, M.D.}} Topic Completed: 1 August 2011 Bronchopneumonia (lobular) often leads to lobar pneumonia as the infection progresses. The same organism may cause one type of pneumonia in one patient, and another in a different patient.
Causes
It is more commonly a hospital-acquired pneumonia than a community-acquired pneumonia, in contrast to lobar pneumonia.{{cite journal|last1=Reynolds|first1=J H|last2=Mcdonald|first2=G|last3=Alton|first3=H|last4=Gordon|first4=S B|title=Pneumonia in the immunocompetent patient|journal=The British Journal of Radiology|volume=83|issue=996|year=2010|pages=998–1009|issn=0007-1285|doi=10.1259/bjr/31200593|pmid=21088086|pmc=3473604}}
Bronchopneumonia is less likely than lobar pneumonia to be associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae.{{cite web |url=http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/medicine/PULMONAR/cxr/atlas/pneumonia.htm |title=Lobar Pneumonia |access-date=2008-11-16|website=Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus}} Rather, the bronchopneumonia pattern has been associated mainly with the following: Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella, E. coli and Pseudomonas.{{cite web |url=http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/LUNGHTML/LUNG007.html |title=Pulmonary Pathology |access-date=2008-11-21|website=Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library}}
Pathology
File:Histopathology of bronchopneumonia.jpgs filling a bronchiole.]]
Bronchopneumonia may sometimes be diagnosed after death, during autopsy.
On gross pathology there are typically multiple foci of consolidation present in the basal lobes of the human lung, often bilateral. These lesions are 2–4 cm in diameter, grey-yellow, dry, often centered on a bronchiole, poorly delimited, and with the tendency to confluence, especially in children.
Light microscopy typically shows neutrophils in bronchi, bronchioles and adjacent alveolar spaces.
Treatment
{{Further|Pneumonia}}
Compared to pneumonia in general, the association between the bronchopneumonia pattern and hospital-acquired pneumonia warrants greater consideration of multiple drug resistance in the choice of antibiotics.