brown nunlet
{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Use American English|date=November 2021}}
{{speciesbox
| name = Brown nunlet
| image = Brown Nunlet.jpg
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| genus = Nonnula
| species = brunnea
| authority = Sclater, PL, 1881
| synonyms =
| range_map = Nonnula brunnea map.svg
}}
The brown nunlet (Nonnula brunnea) is a species of near-passerine bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.{{cite web |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/ |title=IOC World Bird List (v 11.2) |last1=Gill |first1= F. |last2=Donsker|first2=D.|last3=Rasmussen |first3=P. |date=July 2021 |access-date=July 14, 2021 }}Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 August 2021. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm retrieved August 24, 2021
Taxonomy and systematics
The brown nunlet is monotypic. Its relationship to others of its genus has not been detailed but it is believed to be most closely related to the rusty-breasted nunlet (N. rubecula) and fulvous-chinned nunlet (N. sclateri) and may form a superspecies with them. It has sometimes been considered conspecific with the latter, and alternatively as conspecific with grey-cheeked nunlet (N. frontalis) and rufous-capped nunlet (N. ruficapilla).{{cite taxon |BOW |citation=Rasmussen, P. C., N. Collar, and E. de Juana (2020). Brown Nunlet (Nonnula brunnea), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.bronun1.01 |access-date=November 10, 2021 |make=yes}}Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 August 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved August 24, 2021
Description
The brown nunlet is {{convert|14|to|15|cm|in|abbr=on}} long. Its crown and upperparts are plain brown. It has a buffy rufous band from the bill to the eye, a narrow buffy ring around the eye, and dark grayish brown cheeks. The throat and flanks are dark rufous, and the chin and breast pale rufous. The belly is buffy rufous. The bill, eye, and feet are dark.
Distribution and habitat
The brown nunlet is found from south-central Colombia through eastern Ecuador into northern Peru. It inhabits humid lowland terra firme forest and dense secondary forest. It tends to remain below the canopy. In Ecuador it mostly occurs below {{convert|400|m|ft|abbr=on}} of elevation but has been recorded as high as {{convert|700|m|ft|abbr=on}}.
Behavior
=Feeding=
Almost nothing is known about the brown nunlet's feeding behavior or diet. It has been observed joining flocks of Myrmotherula antwrens.
=Breeding=
One nest of the brown nunlet was a trench excavated in the ground and roofed with sticks and leaves. Its close relative the rusty-breasted nunlet also nests in a shallow scrape that it covers with twigs and leaves. That species' clutch size is usually four eggs.{{cite journal |last=Cockle |first=Kristina L. |last2=Ferreyra |first2=Carlos A. |last3=Gómez |first3=Milka R. |last4=Pagano |first4=Luis G. |last5=Bodrati |first5=Alejandro |date=2020 |title=Reproductive biology of the Rusty-breasted Nunlet (Nonnula rubecula) |journal=The Wilson Journal of Ornithology |volume=132 |issue=4 |pages=911–923 }}
{{birdsong|url=https://www.xeno-canto.org/species/Nonnula-brunnea |species=brown nunlet}}
=Vocalization=
Status
The IUCN has assessed the brown nunlet as being of Least Concern, though its population is unknown and believed to be decreasing. It appears to be rare to uncommon across its range.
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://vireo.acnatsci.org/search.html?Form=Search&SEARCHBY=Common&KEYWORDS=brown+nunlet&showwhat=images&AGE=All&SEX=All&ACT=All&Search=Search&VIEW=All&ORIENTATION=All&RESULTS=24 Brown Nunlet photo gallery] VIREO
- [https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bronun1/cur/introduction Photos and videos] on Birds of the world
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1268358}}
Category:Birds of the Colombian Amazon
Category:Birds of the Ecuadorian Amazon
Category:Birds of Peruvian Amazonia
Category:Birds described in 1881