busser
{{short description|North American term}}
{{For|similar surnames|Büsser}}
{{Redirect|Busboy}}
{{Use American English|date=April 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2021}}
In North America, a busser, sometimes known as a busboy or busgirl, is a person in the restaurant and catering industry clearing tables, taking dirty dishes to the dishwasher, setting tables, refilling and otherwise assisting the waiting staff.(2004.) [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/busboy "Busboy"]. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, via Dictionary.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-19.[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/busgirl "Busgirl"]. Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1), Random House, Inc., via Dictionary.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-19.{{Cite news|title=Uh, no offense, but do you still say 'busboy'?|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2007/08/24/uh-no-offense-but-do-you-still-say-busboy/|first=Mary|last=Schmich|publisher=Chicago Tribune|work=ChicagoTribune.com|date=2007-08-24|access-date=2014-05-20}}{{cite web|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/busser|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714221725/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/busser|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 14, 2014|work=Oxford Dictionaries|title=Busser: Definition of Busser in Oxford Dictionary (American English) (US)|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=2014-06-10|quote=busser; Syllabification: bus·ser; Pronunciation: /ˈbəsər/; Noun; A person who clears tables in a restaurant or cafeteria.}}{{cite web|url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/us/dictionary/american/busser|work=Macmillan Dictionary|title=Busser - definition. American English definition of busser by Macmillan Dictionary|publisher=Macmillan Publishers Limited|access-date=2014-06-10|quote=busser - definition; Noun [countable] American /ˈbʌsər/; a busboy}}{{cite book|last=Medlik|first=S.|title=Dictionary of Travel, Tourism and Hospitality|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s7lQZpmBsQsC&pg=PA28|year=2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-41018-5|page=28|quote=busboy/busgirl/busser American term for assistant waiter or waitress, who pours water, clears away plates and cutlery but does not take orders or serve the food.}}{{cite book|last=Матюшенков|first=Владимир|title=Dictionary of Americanisms, Canadianisms, Briticisms and Australianisms. Англо-русский словарь особенностей английского языка в Северной Америке, Великобритании и Австралии|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uU-NAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA85|year=2013|publisher=ЛитРес|language=en, ru|isbn=978-5-457-47832-9|page=85|quote=bus boy, bus girl, busser Am., Can. /Br. commis waiter/}} In British English, the terms commis waiter, commis boy, and waiter's assistant are more common.{{cite book|last=Davies|first=Christopher|title=Divided by a Common Language: A Guide to British and American English|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1Iq294l_5gC&pg=PA1|page=1|year=2007|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|isbn=978-0-547-35028-8|quote=Words such as clapboard, bleachers, and busboy are everyday words in the US, but they would perplex the average speaker of British English.}}{{cite book|last=Davies|first=Christopher|title=Divided by a Common Language: A British/American Dictionary Plus|year=1998|publisher=Mayflower Press|isbn=978-0-9660945-7-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/dividedbycommonl0000davi/page/148 148]|quote=Busboy/Busser, Waiter's assistant/Commis Waiter|url=https://archive.org/details/dividedbycommonl0000davi/page/148}}{{cite book|last=Rubinstein|first=Marv|title=American English Compendium|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SqnfJcRrGMoC&pg=PT229|year=2011|publisher=Taylor Trade Publications|isbn=978-1-58979-726-0|page=229|quote=British, U.S. ... commis boy, busboy}} The term for a busser in the classic brigade de cuisine system is commis de débarrasseur, or simply débarrasseur.{{cite book|author=The Culinary Institute of America|author-link=The Culinary Institute of America|title=Remarkable Service: A Guide to Winning and Keeping Customers for Servers, Managers, and Restaurant Owners|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sF21smQLdiEC&pg=PA53|year=2009|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-19740-0|pages=53–54}}{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=Kenneth G.|title=The Columbia Guide to Standard American English|url=https://archive.org/details/columbiaguidetos00wils_0|url-access=registration|year=1993|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-06989-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/columbiaguidetos00wils_0/page/80 80]|quote=A bus boy or busboy assists the waiter or waitress in a restaurant; he clears dishes (he buses or busses them), and all of his duties come under the heading of busing or bussing. The origin of this Americanism is uncertain.}} Bussers are typically placed beneath the waiting staff in organization charts, and are sometimes an apprentice or trainee to waiting staff positions.
The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that the occupation typically did not require related work experience or a high school diploma, that on-the-job training was short term, and that the median income in 2012 for the position was $18,500.{{cite web | url=http://data.bls.gov/projections/occupationProj | title=Employment Projections|publisher=United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics|access-date=2014-06-12}} Occupation data is listed under "Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers" (job titles are hidden by default).
The duties of bussers fall under the heading of busing or bussing, an Americanism of unknown origin.
It has been claimed{{cite web|author1=Merriam-Webster, Incorporated|title=Busboy|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/busboy|website=Merriam-Webster|access-date=7 February 2017|date=2017}} that the term originated in America as 'omnibus boy', a boy employed to do everything ('omni-') in a restaurant including setting and clearing tables, filling glasses, taking used dishes to the kitchen, etc.
Job description
Primary functions of the busser are to clean and reset tables, carry dishes and other tableware to the kitchen, serve items such as water, coffee and bread, replenish supplies of linens, tableware and trays, and assist servers with clearing plates and other areas of table service.{{cite web | url=http://www.onetonline.org/find/score/35-9011.00?s=bus%20cleaner|title=Keyword Relevance for: bus cleaner|work=O*Net OnLine|publisher=O*Net}} Other tasks include cleaning and polishing fixtures, walls, furniture and equipment, cleaning tableware, cleaning food service areas, mopping and vacuuming floors, cleaning up spills, removing empty bottles and trash, and scraping and stacking dirty dishes.
Etiquette
One guide to manners advised that bussers should not speak to or interrupt those being served, and to simply refill glasses at the table rather than asking if customers would like more water.{{cite book|last=Boswell|first=Sandra|title=Protocol Matters: Cultivating Social Graces in Christian Homes and Schools|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3szmEBlEmIUC&pg=PA98|year=2007|publisher=Canon Press & Book Service|isbn=978-1-59128-025-5|page=98}} Likewise, it advises customers against engaging bussers and waiting staff in distracting conversations, as they are often busy. A business etiquette guide suggests that customers should refer to bussers and waiting staff with the gender-neutral terms busser and server rather than busboy or waiter.{{cite book|last=Mitchell|first=Mary|title=The Complete Idiot's Guide to Business Etiquette|url=https://archive.org/details/completeidiotsgu00mitc|url-access=registration|year=2000|publisher=Alpha Books|isbn=978-0-02-863615-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/completeidiotsgu00mitc/page/186 186]}} However, this has not been widely taken up outside of the industry. It also says that the busser is the employee that must be informed if items like a water glass or piece of flatware is missing.
Tip income
Bussers are not traditionally tipped directly in the United States, but restaurants may employ "tip pooling" or "tip sharing" arrangements, in which a portion of servers' tips are shared with other restaurant service staff.
In the United States, tip sharing may be either voluntary, where waitstaff give a portion of their tips to coworkers as they see fit, or mandatory, where the employer sets a formula by which tips must be shared with coworkers such as bussers and bartenders. In the UK the pool of tips is classically known as the 'Tronc', from the French meaning collecting box. Federal Department of Labor regulations do not allow restaurants to include managers in tip sharing, and inclusion of "back of the house" employees such as dishwashers and cooks has been the subject of legal disputes since 2009.{{cite news|url=http://www.oregonbusiness.com/articles/94-january-2011/4584-tip-pool-ruling-cuts-restaurant-costs|date=2010-12-16|title=Tip pool ruling cuts restaurant costs|first=Peter|last=Beland|work=Oregon Business|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108022933/http://www.oregonbusiness.com/articles/94-january-2011/4584-tip-pool-ruling-cuts-restaurant-costs|archive-date=2011-01-08}}{{cite book|last=Descherer|first=Dorinda D.|title=Wage Hour Compliance Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vnZWAgAAQBAJ&pg=SA3-PA31|edition=2014|year=2013|publisher=Aspen Publishers Online|isbn=978-1-4548-3419-9|pages=3{{hyphen}}31–3{{hyphen}}32}} Recipients of tips in shared tip restaurants may be paid a "tip-credit wage", below the ordinary minimum wage in the United States, if the amount of shared tips in a pay period brings their average pay to the minimum wage. Federal subminimum wage is set at $2.13 per hour, though state and local laws may require higher rates.{{cite web|url=http://www.dol.gov/whd/opinion/FLSA/2009/2009_01_15_12_FLSA.htm|title=Wage and Hour Division (WHD): Opinion Letters - Fair Labor Standards Act|publisher=United States Department of Labor|access-date=2014-07-15}} California, for example, requires tipped employees be paid full minimum wage.{{cite web|url=http://www.dir.ca.gov/dlse/FAQ_tipsandgratuities.html|title=Tips and Gratuities|publisher=Department of Industrial Relations, State of California|access-date=2014-07-15}}
A spokesperson for restaurant operator Darden Restaurants, which incorporated tip-sharing in 2011 at their Olive Garden and Red Lobster chains, said that it was more consistent and fair "to recognize everyone who delivers a guest experience", and noted that the lower hourly base wage for bartenders and bussers offered "the opportunity to ultimately earn more", depending on a restaurant's volume of tips.
Notable former bussers
- Alec Baldwin, American actor, producer, and comedian, was a busser at Studio 54, a New York City disco.
- Arthur Bremer, American failed assassin of George Wallace in 1972, and whose diary became the basis for the movie Taxi Driver, was demoted from busser to custodian at the Milwaukee Athletic Club when he was caught talking to himself.{{cite book|last1=Oliver|first1=Willard M.|last2=Marion|first2=Nancy E.|title=Killing the President: Assassinations, Attempts, and Rumored Attempts on U.S. Commanders-in-chief|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FNbn8PLx5qAC&pg=PA165|year=2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-36474-7|pages=165–166}}
- Jacques Chirac, former President of France, worked as a busser and waiter in a Howard Johnson's restaurant while attending summer school at Harvard University.{{cite book|last=Allport|first=Alan|title=Jacques Chirac|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AO-bjGJYi6sC&pg=PA32|year=2007|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-0470-6|page=32}}
- Robert Downey Jr., American actor, worked as a busser at a restaurant in New York City for three years, because he was "too sweaty" to work as a waiter.[http://www.flixster.com/actor/robert-downey/robert-downey-jr-interview "Robert Downey, Jr."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100408030932/http://www.flixster.com/actor/robert-downey/robert-downey-jr-interview |date=2010-04-08 }}, Playboy Interview. December 1997
- Richard Feynman, American physicist, experimented with ways to optimize dish-stacking while working as a busser during the summer growing up.{{cite book|last=Greenstein|first=George|title=Portraits of discovery: profiles in scientific genius|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E7LaAAAAMAAJ|year=1998|publisher=John Wiley|isbn=978-0-471-19138-4|page=122|quote=While a kid during a summer job as a busser, he tried to invent a better way of carrying dishes on trays (everything ended up on the floor).}}{{cite book|last=Heenan|first=David A.|title=Double lives: crafting your life of work and passion for untold success|url=https://archive.org/details/doublelives00davi_m9t|url-access=registration|date=1 September 2002|publisher=Davies-Black Publishing|isbn=978-0-89106-167-0|page=x|quote=Working summers as a busser, he discovered new methods for stacking as many dishes as possible.}}
- Redd Foxx, American comedian and actor, worked as a busser and dishwasher at a famous Harlem eatery called Jimmy's Chicken Shack.{{cite book|last=Snauffer|first=Douglas|title=The Show Must Go On: How the Deaths of Lead Actors Have Affected Television Series|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZIjGHo4kl0C&pg=PA168|year=2008|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-5504-1|page=168}} He was friends with Malcolm X, who then worked there as a waiter, and who later described Foxx as "the funniest dishwasher on this earth".{{cite book|last=DeCaro|first=Louis A.|title=On the Side of My People: A Religious Life of Malcolm X|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a7U9xrYAlNQC&pg=PA66|year=1996|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=978-0-8147-1891-9|page=66}}
- Rex Tillerson, American businessman, Secretary of State in the Donald Trump administration, worked as a busser at age 14.{{cite news|url=https://www.dmagazine.com/publications/d-ceo/2016/november/ceo-spotlight-rex-tillerson/|date=November 2016|work=D CEO|publisher=D Magazines|author=D CEO Staff|title=CEO Spotlight: Rex Tillerson|access-date=2017-07-01}}
- Langston Hughes, American writer and poet, dubbed the "busser poet" by journalists in 1925 after he left three of his poems beside the plate of famed poet Vachel Lindsay at the hotel where he worked, who then read the poems at a large poetry reading later that evening.{{cite book|last=Anderson|first=Jennifer Joline|title=Langston Hughes|url=https://archive.org/details/langstonhughes0000ande|url-access=registration|year=2013|publisher=ABDO|isbn=978-1-61783-718-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/langstonhughes0000ande/page/28 28]}}
- George Kirby, American comedian, singer and actor, worked as a busser at Chicago's Club DeLisa for $13 per week, until his comedic impersonations earned him a trial on the club's stage, which launched his comedy career.{{cite book|last=Travis|first=Dempsey|title=An Autobiography of Black Jazz|year=1983|publisher=Urban Research Institute|isbn=978-0-941484-03-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/autobiographyofb00trav/page/134 134]|url=https://archive.org/details/autobiographyofb00trav/page/134}}{{cite book|last=Watkins|first=Mel|title=On the real side: laughing, lying, and signifying: the underground tradition of African-American humor that transformed American culture, from slavery to Richard Pryor|url=https://archive.org/details/onrealsidelaughi00watk|url-access=registration|year=1994|publisher=Simon & Schuster|isbn=978-0-671-68982-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/onrealsidelaughi00watk/page/488 488]}}
- Jerry Lewis, American comedian and actor, worked as a busser at Brown's Hotel in the Catskills, where he would try to get laughs from diners.{{cite book|last=Epstein|first=Lawrence Jeffrey|title=Mixed Nuts: America's Love Affair with Comedy Teams : from Burns and Allen to Belushi and Aykroyd|url=https://archive.org/details/mixednutsamerica0000epst|url-access=registration|year=2004|publisher=PublicAffairs|isbn=978-1-58648-190-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mixednutsamerica0000epst/page/180 180], 182}} When he later teamed up with Dean Martin to do live shows, a signature bit had Lewis playing an inept busser, interrupting the suave Martin's singing numbers, an act revisited years later in a scene from their eighth film, Scared Stiff.{{cite book|last=Krutnik|first=Frank|title=Inventing Jerry Lewis|year=2000|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|isbn=978-1-56098-369-9|page=72}}
- Bree Olson, American pornographic actress, worked as a busser at age 15.{{cite web | title=Bree Olson News, Pictures, and Videos | work=TMZ | url=http://www.tmz.com/person/bree-olson/ | access-date=2014-06-05 }}{{cite web | url=http://www.breeolson.com/en/about | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702185902/http://www.breeolson.com/en/about | archive-date=2013-07-02 | title=About Me | work=BreeOlson.com }}
- Al Pacino, American actor and director, worked as a busser among a series of low-paying jobs to fund his acting studies.{{cite web|url=http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/al-pacino.html |title=Biography: Al Pacino Lifetime |publisher=AETN UK |work=The Biography Channel (UK) |access-date=2014-06-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111201025/http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/al-pacino.html |archive-date=2013-11-11 }}
- Chris Rock, American comedian and actor, worked as a busser at a Red Lobster restaurant in Queens, New York; both Red Lobster and "a one-legged busboy" featured among his later jokes.{{cite book|last1=Todd|first1=Anne M.|last2=Blue|first2=Rose|last3=Naden|first3=Corinne J.|title=Chris Rock: Comedian and Actor|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Y_zke9klLEC&pg=PA15|year=2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-0074-6|page=15}}{{cite book|author=Dan Miller|title=Wisdom Meets Passion: When Generations Collide and Collaborate|url=https://archive.org/details/wisdommeetspassi0000mill|url-access=registration|date=28 August 2012|publisher=Thomas Nelson Inc|isbn=978-0-8499-6409-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/wisdommeetspassi0000mill/page/24 24]}}{{cite book|last=Acham|first=Christine|title=Revolution Televised: Prime Time and THe Struggle for Black Power|url=https://archive.org/details/revolutiontelevi0000acha|url-access=registration|year=2004|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|isbn=978-1-4529-0707-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/revolutiontelevi0000acha/page/192 192]}}
- Jon Stewart, American comedian, writer and host of The Daily Show, worked as a busser at a Mexican restaurant. Stewart named his production company Busboy Productions.
- Oscar Tschirky, American maître d'hôtel of Manhattan's Waldorf-Astoria Hotel who created the Waldorf salad, began his career as a busser.{{cite book|title=Hospitality, Issues 25-56|year=1982|publisher=Hotel, Catering and Institutional Management Association|page=63}}
- Samin Nosrat, enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1997, majoring in English. As a sophomore in 2000, she ate dinner at Chez Panisse and immediately decided to work there as a busser. Nosrat eventually worked her way up to the restaurant kitchen, becoming a cook and working with Alice Waters, who described her as "America's next great cooking teacher".
In popular culture
- A 1991 Seinfeld episode entitled "The Busboy" is centered on a busser who is fired due to George Costanza's accidental actions.
References
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{{Restaurant workers}}