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by-wire

{{wikt|by wire}}

By-wire refers to technologies in which a system is controlled using electrical or electronic means rather than by a mechanical linkage that transfers force from the input to the system. The concept is used in aviation and in the automotive industry.{{citation |journal=Popular Science |volume=228 |number=3 |issn=0161-7370 |page=38H |date=March 1986 |title=Computerized gas pedal throttles wheelspin |author=Tom Wilkinson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1IqBydvMRZcC&pg=PA38-IA8}} By analogy, it may refer to managing by wire, a management style relying on an informational representations of the business, similar to fly-by-wire pilots who rely on an informational representation of the plane.{{cite book |last1=Peppers |first1=Don |authorlink1=Don Peppers |last2=Rogers |first2=Martha |authorlink2=Martha Rogers (professor) |date=2004 |title=Managing Customer Relationships: A Strategic Framework |url=https://archive.org/details/managingcustomer0000pepp |url-access=registration |location=Hoboken, New Jersey |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |pages=[https://archive.org/details/managingcustomer0000pepp/page/110 110]–111 |isbn=978-0-471-65641-8 |accessdate=2018-12-25 }}

By-wire concepts and systems include:

  • Drive by wire in automotive contexts
  • Accelerate-by-wire or throttle-by-wire,{{citation|url=https://auto.howstuffworks.com/car-driving-safety/safety-regulatory-devices/drive-by-wire.htm |title=How Drive-by-wire Technology Works |author=John Fuller |date=April 28, 2009 |website=HowStuffWorks}} more commonly known as electronic throttle control
  • Brake-by-wire
  • Shift-by-wire in automatic transmissions that are manumatic or in automated manual transmissions. This may include park by wire which actuates the parking pawl as part of the shifting system.
  • Steer-by-wire
  • Fly-by-wire in aviation contexts
  • Power-by-wire, a system which actuates the aircraft's flight controls with electrical actuators in place of hydraulic actuators.{{citation |url=https://www.aviationtoday.com/2001/05/01/power-by-wire/ |title=Power-By-Wire |website=Avionic |access-date=July 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627215836/http://www.aviationtoday.com/2001/05/01/power-by-wire/ |archive-date=June 27, 2017 |url-status=live |date=May 2001 }}

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