calcium plumbate
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| index1_label = Ca2PbO4
| CASNo1 = 12013-69-3
| index2_label = CaO3Pb
| CASNo2 = 12774-29-7
| ChemSpiderID2 = 32816358
| EC_number1 = 234-591-3
| PubChem2 = 14228656
| InChI1=1S/Ca.3O.Pb/q+2;;2*-1;
| InChIKey1 = BKCKYDWIGITWSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| SMILES2 = [O-][Pb](=O)[O-].[Ca+2]
| SMILES1 = [O-][Pb]([O-])([O-])[O-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2]
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = CaO3Pb
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS08}}
| GHSSignalWord = Warning
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|341|351|360Df|373}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|203|260|280|318|319|405|501}}
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Calcium plumbate is an inorganic chemical that has been used extensively as an anticorrosive pigment in paints and coatings.{{Cite journal |last1=Wesson |first1=H.C. |date=1960-01-01 |title=RUST INHIBITION THROUGH: CALCIUM PLUMBATE PIGMENT |url=https://doi.org/10.1108/eb019682 |journal=Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=37–38 |doi=10.1108/eb019682 |issn=0003-5599}}{{Cite journal |last1=Read |first1=N.J. |date=1956-01-01 |title=CALCIUM PLUMBATE: A Post-War Development in Anti-Corrosive Paint Pigments |url=https://doi.org/10.1108/eb019166 |journal=Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=119–123 |doi=10.1108/eb019166 |issn=0003-5599}}{{Cite journal |date=1956-01-01 |title=The Commercial Advantages of CALCIUM PLUMBATE PAINT |url=https://doi.org/10.1108/eb019199 |journal=Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials |volume=3 |issue=7 |pages=233–235 |doi=10.1108/eb019199 |issn=0003-5599}}{{Cite journal |last1=Mayne |first1=J. E. O. |date=May 1970 |title=Paints for the Protection of Steel—a Review of Research into their Modes of Action |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1179/000705970798324685 |journal=British Corrosion Journal |language=en |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=106–111 |doi=10.1179/000705970798324685 |issn=0007-0599}} The formula is given as CaO3Pb,{{Cite web |last=PubChem |title=Calcium plumbate |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/14228656 |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=CALCIUM PLUMBATE |url=https://www.chemsrc.com/en/cas/12774-29-7_1546416.html |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=www.chemsrc.com |language=en}} but also is shown as CaO4Pb2 in other sources.{{Cite web |title=CALCIUM PLUMBATE - 12013-69-3 {{!}} Vulcanchem |url=https://www.vulcanchem.com/product/main-products/12013-69-3 |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=www.vulcanchem.com}}{{Cite web |title=CALCIUM PLUMBATE {{!}} 12013-69-3 |url=https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB3506169.htm |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=ChemicalBook |language=en}} The compound has REACH restricted status due to the general toxicity of lead based compounds.{{Cite web |last=PubChem |title=Calcium plumbate |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/14228656 |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |language=en}}
Manufacture
It is usually manufactured by the reaction of calcium oxide (CaO) and lead oxide (PbO) at high temperature in the presence of excess oxygen.{{Cite journal |last1=Martini |first1=P. L. |last2=Bianchini |first2=A. |date=May 1969|title=Formation of calcium plumbate: Kinetics and mechanism of reaction |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jctb.5010190504 |journal=Journal of Applied Chemistry |language=en |volume=19 |issue=5 |pages=147–152 |doi=10.1002/jctb.5010190504 |issn=0021-8871}}
Recent research indicates that it can be prepared by sol-gel methodology.{{Cite journal |last1=Rubešová |first1=Kateřina |last2=Sýkorová |first2=Dagmar |date=2009-02-01 |title=Preparation of calcium plumbate via different route |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-008-1848-3 |journal=Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology |language=en |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=228–232 |doi=10.1007/s10971-008-1848-3 |s2cid=95984137 |issn=1573-4846}}
Toxicology
Calcium plumbate and other lead paint additives have been known to cause lead poisoning for over 50 years.{{Cite journal |url=https://academic.oup.com/annweh/article/15/1/117/300380/THE-DANGER-OF-LEAD-IN-PAINTS|title = The danger of lead in paints |access-date=2023-11-16 |journal=The Annals of Occupational Hygiene |date = 1972 |doi=10.1093/annhyg/15.1.117|pmid = 5044502 |last1 = Timmins |first1 = F. D. |volume = 15 |issue = 1 |pages = 117–122 }} The effects of paint containing calcium plumbate dust have likewise been studied and analytical techniques developed to assess lead content.{{Cite journal |last1=Sturges |first1=W. T. |last2=Harrison |first2=Roy M. |date=1985-09-01 |title=An assessment of the contribution from paint flakes to the lead content of some street and household dusts |url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697%2885%2990096-8 |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=44 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.1016/0048-9697(85)90096-8 |pmid=4048930 |bibcode=1985ScTEn..44..225S |issn=0048-9697}}{{Cite journal |last1=Jones |first1=K. |last2=McDonald |first2=A. |date=1983-01-01 |title=The efficiency of different methods of extracting lead from street dust |url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-148X%2883%2990009-5 |journal=Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=133–143 |doi=10.1016/0143-148X(83)90009-5 |issn=0143-148X}} Studies also include finding calcium plumbate in soils and further possible bioaccumulation.{{Cite journal |last1=Hunt |first1=Andrew |date=2016-08-01 |title=Relative bioaccessibility of Pb-based paint in soil |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-015-9789-6 |journal=Environmental Geochemistry and Health |language=en |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=1037–1050 |doi=10.1007/s10653-015-9789-6 |pmid=26744019 |bibcode=2016EnvGH..38.1037H |s2cid=207124185 |issn=1573-2983}} The demand for lead in all forms is decreasing worldwide,{{Cite journal |last1=Wilson |first1=David N. |date=2006-10-01 |title=Beyond batteries: Other trends in the demand for lead |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-006-0196-4 |journal=JOM |language=en |volume=58 |issue=10 |pages=24–27 |doi=10.1007/s11837-006-0196-4 |bibcode=2006JOM....58j..24W |s2cid=109320784 |issn=1543-1851}} though the use of calcium plumbate and other heavy metal compounds in cement and concrete is subject to recent research and the specific toxicology studied.{{Cite journal |last1=Saini |first1=Surendra Kumar |last2=Ransinchung |first2=G. D. |last3=Kumar |first3=Praveen |last4=Ray |first4=Sonalisa |date=2022-03-28 |title=Investigation of jarosite-cement blends for hydration process and mechanical behavior in PQC mixes |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-021-00707-6 |journal=Innovative Infrastructure Solutions |language=en |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=198 |doi=10.1007/s41062-021-00707-6 |bibcode=2022InnIS...7..198S |s2cid=247767467 |issn=2364-4184}}