capitulum of the humerus
{{short description|Structure of humerus}}
{{Redirect|Capitellum|the lizard genus|Capitellum (lizard)}}
{{more footnotes|date=December 2013}}
{{Infobox bone
| Name = Capitulum of the humerus
| Latin = capitulum humeri
| Image = Capitulumhumeri.PNG
| Caption = Left humerus seen from front (capitulum visible at bottom right)
| Image2 = HumerusFront.png
| Caption2 = Left humerus seen from front (part of the appendicular skeleton)
}}
In human anatomy of the arm, the capitulum of the humerus is a smooth, rounded eminence on the lateral portion of the distal articular surface of the humerus. It articulates with the cup-shaped depression on the head of the radius, and is limited to the front and lower part of the bone.
In non-human tetrapods, the name capitellum is generally used, with "capitulum" limited to the anteroventral articular facet of the rib (in archosauromorphs).
Lepidosauromorpha
Lepidosaurs show a distinct capitellum and trochlea on the centre of the ventral (anterior in upright taxa) surface of the humerus at the distal end.
Archosauromorpha
In non-avian archosaurs, including crocodiles, the capitellum and the trochlea are no longer bordered by distinct etc.- and entepicondyles respectively, and the distal humerus consists two gently expanded condyles, one lateral and one medial, separated by a shallow groove and a supinator process. Romer (1976) homologizes the capitellum in Archosauromorphs with the groove separating the medial and lateral condyles.
In birds, where forelimb anatomy has an adaptation for flight, its functional if not{{Cite web|url=https://www2.gwu.edu/~darwin/BiSc151/Birds/Birds.HTML|title=Evolution of Birds|website=The George Washington University}} ontogenetic equivalent is the dorsal condyle of the humerus.
Additional images
File:Elbow joint - deep dissection (anterior view, human cadaver).jpg|Elbow joint. Deep dissection. Anterior view.
File:Slide1bgbg.JPG|Elbow joint. Deep dissection. Posterior view.
File:Slide3bgbg.JPG|Elbow joint. Deep dissection. Posterior view.
References
{{Gray's}}
- Romer, A.S. 1976 Osteology of the reptiles. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
External links
- {{SUNYAnatomyFigs|07|02|05}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20090205191625/http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/aplab/Table_of_Contents/Lab_04/Humerus_1/Humerus_1c/humerus_1c.html BiowebUW, cached at archive.org]
{{Bones of upper extremity}}
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