caprine arthritis encephalitis virus
{{Short description|Species of virus}}
{{virusbox
| name = Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus
| parent = Lentivirus
| species = Lentivirus capartenc
}}
Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) is a retrovirus which infects goats and cross-reacts immunologically with HIV,{{cite journal |vauthors=Tesoro-Cruz E, Hernández-González R, Kretschmer-Schmid R, Aguilar-Setién A |title=Cross-reactivity between caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus and type 1 human immunodeficiency virus |journal=Arch. Med. Res. |volume=34 |issue=5 |pages=362–6 |year=2003 |pmid=14602501 |doi= 10.1016/j.arcmed.2003.08.001}} due to being from the same family of viruses.{{medical citation needed|date=July 2023}} CAEV cannot be transmitted to humans, including through the consumption of milk from an infected goat.{{cite web|title=APHIS info sheet: Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus|url=https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/emergingissues/downloads/prcaevinfosheet.pdf|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture • Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service|accessdate=2017-03-12|date=May 2008|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304220616/https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/emergingissues/downloads/prcaevinfosheet.pdf|archivedate=2016-03-04}} There is no evidence that CAEV can cure HIV in humans.{{Cite web| url = http://www.people.com/article/charlie-sheen-twwts-doctor-samir-chachoua-hiv-mexico| title = Charlie Sheen Blasts Doctor Who Claims to Have Cured Him of HIV and Even Injected Himself with Star's Blood| website = PEOPLE.com| access-date = 2016-02-27}}
CAEV is commonly transferred within the goat species by ingestion of colostrum or milk from an infected goat, and to a lesser extent, cross-species CAEV transfer by sheep is possible.{{cite web |title=Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis |url=http://veterinaryextension.colostate.edu/menu2/sm%20rum/caprine_arthritis_encephalitis.pdf |website=colostate.edu |access-date=5 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326142403/http://veterinaryextension.colostate.edu/menu2/sm%20rum/caprine_arthritis_encephalitis.pdf |archive-date=26 March 2018 |language=en-US |date=March 2007 |url-status=dead}}
Symptoms
CAEV adversely affects the immune system of its host, causing a disease known as caprine arthritis encephalitis. Common symptoms resulting from CAEV infection include arthritis, pneumonia, indurative mastitis, and encephalitis. One of the first and most common signs of CAEV infection is weight loss. However, many goats will not show any symptoms. Goats that do show symptoms may display swollen knee or carpal joints, lose body condition, and develop a rough hair coat. Pregnant and nursing goats will display a "hard udder", which is firm and swollen, and produce little milk.