cataphyll

{{stack|File:Leaf bud of American Sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua) showing imbricate cataphylls 5405.jpg); the cataphylls covering the bud show a little chlorophyll, but they shed instead of growing into photosynthetic leaves.]]}}

Cataphyll comes from the Ancient Greek {{Langx|grc|κατά|label=none}} ("kata"), meaning "down", and {{Langx|grc|φύλλον|label=none}} ("phyllon"), meaning "leaf".{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Cataphyll}}

In some cases, cataphylls perform a transient function, after which they die and may shed. Those that shed early are said to be caducous. The sepals of Papaver species are shed during the very opening of the petals and are a dramatic example of caducous leaves.{{fact|date=August 2023}}

Cataphylls can have many other forms. Some, such as spines, corm-scales, and bud-scales, may be persistent but may not perform their major function until they die, whether or not they are physically shed. Examples of various kinds of living cataphylls include bulb-scales, rhizome-scales, cotyledons, and scaly bracts. Several of these occur in various forms and contexts. For example, bud scales occur on numerous kinds of leaf or branch buds, as well as on flower buds.{{fact|date=August 2023}}

Protective masses of dead leaves encircle the stems of some species of palm trees or aloes, but those are not usually regarded as cataphylls because their primary function while alive is photosynthesis.{{fact|date=August 2023}}

{{stack|File:Acer pseudoplatanus cotyledons.JPG}}

Cotyledons are widely regarded as a class of cataphyll,{{Cite web|title=What Are Cotyledons, Monocots, and Dicots?|url=https://www.thespruce.com/what-are-cotyledons-monocots-and-dicots-1403098|access-date=2021-10-22|website=The Spruce|language=en}} though many kinds of cotyledons function as living tissue and remain alive until, at least, the end of their function, at which time they wither and may drop off. They begin as leaf rudiments. Many kinds accumulate nutrient materials for storage, starting to give up their stored material as the plant germinates. Some, such as the cotyledons of many legumes, conifers, and cucurbits, develop chlorophyll and perform the first photosynthesis for the germinating plant.{{fact|date=August 2023}}

{{stack|File:Opuntia compressa - close-up (aka).jpg contains one or more fixed, large spines as well as a sheaf of glochidia. The spines are examples of cataphylls.{{citation needed|date=January 2016}}]]}}

Like bulb-scales, corm scales are largely the basal parts of the photosynthetic leaves that show up above ground. Some species of cormous plants, such as some Lapeirousia, also produce cataphylls that act solely as tunic leaves for the corm.{{cite book |author1=Goldblatt, Peter |author2=Manning, John | title = The Iris Family | publisher = Timber Press | location = Portland | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-0-88192-897-6 }} Unlike bulb-scales, however, the corm tunic has no significant storage function; that task is left to the parenchyma of the cortex of the corm.{{fact|date=August 2023}}

{{gallery |align=center|mode=packed

|File:CrocosmiaCormTunic5601s.jpg|Crocosmia corm with tunic stripped partly off to show its constitution of the basal parts of leaves arising from nodes on the corm. Such leaves, especially early leaves that never performed much photosynthesis, amount to true cataphylls.

|File:CormAnatomy5686.jpg|Corm of Crocosmia, split to show tunic and leaves, as well as a new corm growing from a bud on the cortex of the old corm.

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• Leaf shape
• Leaf size

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Category:Leaf morphology