catechu
{{Short description|Extract of acacia trees}}
{{For|the region in India|Kutch District}}
Catechu ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|æ|t|ᵻ|ʃ|uː}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|æ|t|ᵻ|tʃ|uː}}){{OED|catechu}} is an extract of acacia trees used variously as a food additive, astringent, tannin, and dye. It is extracted from several species of Acacia, but especially Senegalia catechu (previously called Acacia catechu), by boiling the wood in water and evaporating the resulting brew.[http://www.fao.org/docrep/V8879E/v8879e05.htm Cutch and catechu plant origin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210133448/http://www.fao.org/docrep/V8879e/V8879e05.htm |date=2019-02-10 }} from the Food and Agriculture Department of the United Nations. Document repository accessed November 5, 2011 The Malay name {{Transliteration|ms|italic=no|kachu}} is the basis of the Latinized[http://www.yourdictionary.com/catechu Derivation of word from Malay] catechu chosen as the Linnaean taxonomy name of the plant species which provides the extract.
Uses
As an astringent it has been used since ancient times in Ayurvedic medicine as well as in breath-freshening spice mixtures—for example in France and Italy it is used in some licorice pastilles. It is also an important ingredient in South Asian cooking paan mixtures, such as ready-made paan masala and gutka.
The catechu mixture is high in natural vegetable tannins (which accounts for its astringent effect), and may be used for the tanning of animal hides. Early research by Humphry Davy in the early 19th century first demonstrated the use of catechu in tanning over more expensive and traditional oak extracts.
Under the name cutch, it is a brown dye used for tanning and dyeing and for preserving fishing nets and sails. Cutch will dye wool, silk, and cotton a yellowish-brown. Cutch gives gray-browns with an iron mordant and olive-browns with a copper mordant.{{cite book|last=Goodwin|first=Jill|title=A Dyer's Manual|publisher=Pelham Books Ltd.|location=London|year=1982|page=60|isbn=978-0-7207-1327-5}}
Black catechu has recently also been used by Blavod Drinks Ltd. to dye their vodka black.{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-oct-29-fo-black29-story.html|title=They drink this stuff?|date=29 October 2003|work=LA Times|author=Valli Herman|access-date=11 March 2019}} See this reference for the use of the dye in vodka
White cutch, also known as gambier, gambeer, or gambir, which is extracted from Uncaria gambir[http://www.faculty.ucr.edu/~legneref/botany/tandye.htm Tanning, Dye & Processing Materials] has the same uses. Palm-catechu is extracted from the seeds of Areca catechu.Buchheister G.A.: Handbuch der Drogisten-Praxis. Zweite Auflage, Springer, 1891, p. 322, {{IA|handbuchderdrog02buchgoog|page=337}}.
Derivative chemicals
The catechu extract gave its name to the catechin and catechol chemical families first derived from it. Its historic name is "Japanese Earth" or "Japanese Dirt", which is responsible for naming "Japanic acid".
See also
References
{{reflist}}
External links
{{EB1911 poster|Catechu}}
- [http://www.henriettesherbal.com/eclectic/usdisp/uncaria-gamb.html An OCR'd version of the US Dispensatory by Remington and Wood, 1918.]
{{dyeing}}