certificate of incorporation
{{Short description|Legal document for corporations}}
A certificate of incorporation is a legal document/license relating to the formation of a company or corporation. It is a license to form a corporation issued by the state government or, in some jurisdictions, by a non-governmental entity/corporation.{{cite book |last1=O'Sullivan |first1=Arthur |authorlink=Arthur O'Sullivan (economist) |first2=Steven M. |last2=Sheffrin |title=Economics: Principles in Action |publisher=Pearson Prentice Hall |year=2003 |location=Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 |pages=197 |isbn=0-13-063085-3}} Its precise meaning depends upon the legal system in which it is used.
Commonwealth systems
In the U.S. a certificate of incorporation is usually used as an alternative description of a corporation's articles of incorporation. The certificate of incorporation, or articles of incorporation, form a major constituent part of the constitutional documents of the corporation. In English and Commonwealth legal systems, a certificate of incorporation is usually a simple certificate issued by the relevant government registry as confirmation of the due incorporation and valid existence of the company.
In other common law legal systems, the certificate of incorporation has less legal significance. However, it has been held by the House of Lords in Cotman v Brougham (1918), AC 514, that because the issue of the certificate of incorporation is conclusive evidence of the formation of a company, the issuance of the certificate overrides any irregularities which may have occurred during the formation of the company.{{cite journal |title=Cotman v. Brougham and the Ultra Vires Rule |jstor=1092095 |journal=The Modern Law Review |author=Hamish R. Gray |date=Sep 1960|volume=23 |issue=5 |pages=561–563 }}
Vietnam
In Vietnam, the Certificate of incorporation plays a crucial role.{{Cite web |last=tcct |date=2021-10-25 |title=Đăng ký doanh nghiệp theo pháp luật Việt Nam: Thực tiễn tại Thành phố |url=https://tapchicongthuong.vn/dang-ky-doanh-nghiep-theo-phap-luat-viet-nam--thuc-tien-tai-thanh-pho-ho-chi-minh-84620.htm |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=Tạp chí Công Thương |language=vi}}{{Cite web |title=Đăng ký doanh nghiệp theo quy định của Luật Doanh nghiệp năm 2020 |url=https://tapchinganhang.gov.vn/dang-ky-doanh-nghiep-theo-quy-dinh-cua-luat-doanh-nghiep-nam-2020.htm |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=tapchinganhang.gov.vn |language=vi}} It not only serves as a confirmation of the legal existence of a business but also constitutes an indispensable part of the company's legal documentation.{{Cite web |title=07 quy định về Giấy chứng nhận đăng ký doanh nghiệp |url=https://thuvienphapluat.vn/chinh-sach-phap-luat-moi/vn/ho-tro-phap-luat/tu-van-phap-luat/40676/07-quy-dinh-ve-giay-chung-nhan-dang-ky-doanh-nghiep |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=thuvienphapluat.vn}} This certificate records fundamental information about the enterprise, including its name, registration number, address, business lines, charter capital, and other essential details.{{Cite web |last= |date=2016-07-17 |title=GCN đầu tư và giấy đăng ký kinh doanh khác nhau thế nào? |url=https://baochinhphu.vn/gcn-dau-tu-va-giay-dang-ky-kinh-doanh-khac-nhau-the-nao-102205901.htm |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=baochinhphu.vn |language=vi}}{{Cite web |title=Company establishment services |url=https://luatankhang.com/dich-vu/dich-vu-thanh-lap-doanh-nghiep-tron-goi-a-z |access-date=2024-09-24 |language=vi}}{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=05 điều cần biết về Giấy chứng nhận đăng ký doanh nghiệp |url=https://thuvienphapluat.vn/phap-luat-doanh-nghiep/bai-viet/05-dieu-can-biet-ve-giay-chung-nhan-dang-ky-doanh-nghiep-968.html |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=THƯ VIỆN PHÁP LUẬT}}