challenge of Barletta

File:Barletta monumento disfida apr06 01.jpg

The Challenge of Barletta (Italian: Disfida di Barletta) was a duel fought in the countryside of Trani, near Barletta, Southern Italy, on 13 February 1503, during the Third Italian War, on the plains between Corato and Andria.

Overview

The tournament was provoked by a French knight Charles de la Motte who, after drinking too much of the local wine, made disparaging remarks about the Italians.The Italian Trade Commission "[http://www.italianmade.com/wines/doc10250.cfm Rosso Barletta] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204174922/http://italianmade.com/wines/DOC10250.cfm |date=2011-02-04 }}" ItalianMade.Com Accessed: 29 December 2010 It consisted of a mounted tourney between 13 Italians (the most famous being Ettore Fieramosca), who were part of the Spanish army based in Barletta, and 13 French knights who were based in Canosa di Puglia. The Italian knights won the battle, and the French had to pay ransom. Barletta has since acquired the appellation Città della Disfida (City of the Challenge) as a result.

The event inspired a historical novel by the Italian writer Massimo D'Azeglio, Ettore Fieramosca, or La disfida di Barletta, written in 1833. A comedic version of the fight is also depicted in the 1976 Italian comedy film Il Soldato di Ventura.

Challenge

= Cause of the challenge =

French troops made an incursion up to Canosa di Puglia, where they had a small fight with Spanish troops. A few French soldiers were made prisoners and were brought to Barletta. Among the French prisoners there was the nobleman Charles de Torgues, also known as Monsieur Guy de la Motte.

On 15 January 1503 the French prisoners were invited to take part to a banquet during which la Motte questioned the valor and courage of Italian soldiers, then allied with the Spaniards. A diatribe followed. To solve the question, the French waged a challenge according to specific rules set up by the French to show whether the Italians were up to the valor of French soldiers. The challenge consisted in a mounted tourney between 13 Italians (the most famous being Ettore Fieramosca), who were part of the Spanish army based in Barletta, and 13 French knights who were based in Canosa di Puglia. The number of 13 knights was set by the French la Motte, who believed that that would give to the Italians an opportunity to refuse the challenge because of the superstition associated with the number 13. The winners would receive as a bounty the weapons and the horses of the other army who had also to pay a ransom of 100 ducats for each knight (gold value in 100 ducats is about US$15,000 in early 2018). Moreover, each army had to provide two hostages as a collateral. Prospero Colonna and Fabrizio Colonna were put in charge of making the Italian "team". The captain of the Italians was Fieramosca.

= Participants =

For the two armies, the participants were as follows:

style="width:69%; clear:center; float:center; margin:auto; text-align:center;"

rowspan=23 | File:Blason Ferdinand Ier de Naples.svg
Italian knights

| colspan=2 | Knights

| rowspan=23 | File:Blason France moderne.svg
French knights

Ettore Fieramosca

| Charles de Torgues

Francesco Salamone

| Marc de Frigne

Marco Corollario

| Girout de Forses

Riccio da Parma

| Claude Grajan d'Aste{{KIA}}

Guglielmo Albimonte

| Martellin de Lambris

Mariano Abignente

| Pierre de Liaye

Giovanni Capoccio

| Jacques de la Fontaine

Giovanni Brancaleone

| Eliot de Baraut

Ludovico Abenevoli

| Jean de Landes

Ettore Giovenale

| Sacet de Sacet

Fanfulla da Lodi

| François de Pise

Romanello da Forlì

| Jacques de Guignes

Miale da Troia

| Naute de la Fraise

= Competition judges =

The field judges for the Italian faction were: Francesco Zurolo (or Zurlo),{{Cite book |last=Gennaro Zurolo |title=Casa Zurolo. Origini e sviluppo di una famiglia feudale dell'Italia meridionale |pages=183, 184, 185 and 186 |language=IT |trans-title=Zurolo House. Origins and development of a feudal family from Southern Italy |chapter=Chapter V, part II}} Diego Vela, Francesco Spinola, Alonzo Lopez, the French ones instead: Lionnet Du Breuil,{{Cite book |last=Jean d'Auton |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hZsFAAAAQAAJ |title=Chroniques de Jean d'Auton |year=1834 |editor-last=Libreria Silvestre |volume=2 |location=Paris (75) |language=FR |trans-title=Chronicles of Jean d'Auton}} Monsieur de Murtibrach, Monsieur de Bruet and Etum Sutte.

= Hostages =

The Italian hostages: Angelo Galeotta and Albernuccio, the French ones: Monsieur de Musnai and Monsieur de Dumoble.

Gallery

{{Gallery

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|File:Manifesto disfida di barletta.jpg|Commemorative poster for the fourth centennial of the Disfida

|File:Epitaffio della Disfida di Barletta.jpg|Epitaph for the Disfida on the battle site

|File:Barletta monumento disfida apr06 02.jpg|Detail of the monument in Barletta

|File:La Disfida 1503-2003.jpg

|Names and coats of arms of the Italian knights who participated in the challenge of Barletta on 13 February 1503.|File:La Disfida.jpg

|Names and coats of arms of the French knights who participated in the challenge of Barletta on 13 February 1503.|File:Barletta-la-citta-della-disfida 9007049311 o 31.jpg|Monument in Barletta, which commemorates the challenge of the same name.

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References

Bibliography

= Historical sources =

{{Cite book |last=Jean d'Auton |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hZsFAAAAQAAJ |title=Chroniques de Jean d'Auton |year=1834 |editor-last=Libreria Silvestre |volume=2 |location=Parigi (75) |language=FR |trans-title=Chroniques de Jean d'Auton}}
{{Cite book |last1=Alfredo |first1=Franco |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tlUNtAEACAAJ |title=La Disfida 1503–2003 |last2=Felice |first2=Marciano |first3=Gennaro |last3=Zurolo |last4=Vincenzo |first4=Amorosi |collaboration=Centro Studi Storici HISTRICANUM |year=2003 |isbn= |location=Poggiomarino (NA)-ITALY |language=IT |trans-title=The Challenge 1503–2003}}
{{cite book|title=Lonely Planet's Italy|edition=6th|date=January 2004|first=Damien|last=Simonis|publisher=Lonely Planet Publications|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetital00dami/page/659 659]|isbn=1-74104-303-4|display-authors=etal}}
{{Cite book |first=S.M. |last=Abenavoli |title=La disfida di Barletta : il normanno Ludovico Abenavoli Drengot : uno dei tredici campioni italiani della disfida |publisher=La Rondine Edizioni |year=2020 |isbn=978-88-322-6827-0 |location=Catanzaro (CZ) |language=IT |trans-title=The challenge of Barletta : the Norman Ludovico Abenavoli Drengot : one of the thirteen Italian champions of the challenge}}
{{Cite book |last=Gennaro Zurolo |title=Casata Zurolo. Origini e sviluppo di una famiglia feudale del Meridione d'Italia |year=2024 |pages=183, 184, 185 and 186 |language=IT |trans-title=Zurolo House. Origins and development of a feudal family from Southern Italy |chapter=Chapter V, part II}}