chanyu

File:Reconstruction of a Xiongnu chief warrior, 2nd century BCE-1st century CE.jpg chief warrior, 2nd century BCE-1st century CE, by archaeologist A.N. Podushkin. Central State Museum of Kazakhstan.Museum notice{{cite book |last1=Kradin |first1=Nikolay N. |chapter=Some Aspects of Xiongnu History in Archaeological Perspective |title=Competing Narratives between Nomadic People and their Sedentary Neighbours |journal=7thInternational Conference on the Medieval History of the Eurasian Steppe |date=23 January 2020 |volume=53 |pages=149–165 |doi=10.14232/sua.2019.53.149-165 |isbn=978-963-306-708-6 |chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350175936 |quote=Nonetheless, among archaeologists, there are many supporters of the Xiongnu migration to the West. In recent years, S. Botalov (2009) constructed a broad picture of the migration of the Xiongnu to the Urals, and then Europe. In Kazakhstan, A.N. Podushkin discovered the Arysskaya culture with a distinct stage of Xiongnu influence (2009). Russian archaeologists are actively studying the Hun sites in the Caucasus (Gmyrya 1993; 1995)
Podushkin, A.A. 2009. Xiongnu v Yuznom Kazakhstane. In: Nomady kazakhstanskikh stepey: etnosociokulturnye protsessy i kontakty v Evrazii skifo sakskoy epokhi: Edited by Z. Samashev, Astana: Ministry of Culture and Information of the Kazakhstan Republic: 147‒154}}]]

Chanyu ({{zh|t=單于|s=单于|p=Chányú}}) or Shanyu ({{zh|t=善于}}), short for Chengli Gutu Chanyu ({{zh|t=撐犁孤塗單于|p=Chēnglí Gūtu Chányú}}), was the title used by the supreme rulers of Inner Asian nomads for eight centuries until superseded by the title "Khagan" in 402 CE.Taskin V.S. "Materials on history of Dunhu group nomadic tribes", Moscow, 1984, p. 305,306, (Таскин В.С. "Mатериалы по истории древних кочевых народов группы Дунху") {{in lang|ru}} The title was most famously used by the ruling Luandi clan of the Xiongnu during the Qin dynasty (221–206 BCE) and Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE). It was later also used infrequently by the Chinese as a reference to Tujue leaders.

Etymology

File:Inner Mongolia Museum pottery tile end (chanyu tianxiang).jpg]]

According to the Book of Han, "the Xiongnu called the Heaven (天) {{'}}Chēnglí{{'}} (撐犁) and they called a child (子) gūtú (孤塗). As for Chányú (單于), it is a "vast [and] great appearance" (廣大之貌).".Book of Han, Vol. 94-I, 匈奴謂天為「撐犁」，謂子為「孤塗」，單于者，廣大之貌也.

L. Rogers and Edwin G. Pulleyblank argue that the title chanyu may be equivalent to the later attested title tarkhan, suggesting that the Chinese pronunciation was originally dān-ĥwāĥ, an approximation for *darxan.Universität Bonn. Seminar für Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaft Zentralasiens: Zentralasiatische Studien, Vol. 24–26, p.21 Linguist Alexander Vovin tentatively proposes a Yeniseian etymology for 撐犁孤塗單于, in Old Chinese pronunciation *treng-ri k^wa-la dar-ɢ^wā, from four roots: **tɨŋgɨr- "heaven",Georg, Stefan (2001): Türkisch/Mongolisch tengri "Himmel/Gott" und seine Herkunft. Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia 6: 83–100.Starostin, Sergei A., and Merritt Ruhlen. (1994). Proto-Yeniseian Reconstructions, with Extra-Yeniseian Comparisons. In M. Ruhlen, [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237452482_Proto-Yeniseian_Reconstructions_with_Extra-Yeniseian_Comparisons On the Origin of Languages: Studies in Linguistic Taxonomy]. Stanford: Stanford University Press. pp. 70–92. [Partial translation of Starostin 1982, with additional comparisons by Ruhlen.] *k^wala- "son, child", *dar "lower reaches of the Yenisei" or "north", and *qʌ̄j ~ *χʌ̄j "prince"; as a whole "Son of Heaven, Ruler of the North"."Once again on the Etymology of the title qaɣan", in Studia Etyologica Crocoviensia, (2007) vol. 12, p. 177-185"Did the Xiongnu speak a Yeniseian language? Part 2: Vocabulary", in Altaica Budapestinensia MMII, Proceedings of the 45th Permanent International Altaistic Conference, Budapest, June 23–28, pp. 389–394.

List of Xiongnu Chanyus

class="wikitable" !Title !! Reconstructed Han period's late Old Chinese and Later Han Chinese pronunciationsSchuessler, Axel (2014). "Phonological Notes on Hàn Period Transcriptions of Foreign Names and Words". Studies in Chinese and Sino-Tibetan Linguistics: Dialect, Phonology, Transcription and Text. Language and Linguistics Monograph Series. Taipei, Taiwan: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica (53). !! Personal Name !! Reign
colspan="5" \|
Touman (頭曼單于/头曼单于)	*do-mɑnᴬ		220–209 BC
Modu Chanyu (冒頓單于/冒顿单于)	mouᴴ-tuən/mək-tuən < mûh-tûn/mə̂k-tûn{{efn\|a.k.a. Batur < Baγatur Hirth F. Sinologische Beitrage zur Geschichte der Turk-Volker. Die Ahnentafel Attila's nach Johannes von Thurocz. Bull. Imp. Acad, series V, vol. XIII, 1900, No 2, pp. 221–261.}}		209–174 BC
Laoshang Chanyu (老上單于/老上单于)	*lou^B-dźaŋ^C	Jiyu (稽鬻)	174–161 BC
Junchen Chanyu (軍臣單于/军臣单于)	*kun-gin		161–126 BC
Yizhixie Chanyu (伊稚斜單于/伊稚斜单于)	*ʔi-ḍiᴴ-ja		126–114 BC
Wuwei Chanyu (烏維/乌维)	*ʔɑ-wi		114–105 BC
Er Chanyu (兒{{efn\|"underage"{{cite book\|author=Bichurin N.Ya.\|title=Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times\|year=1851\|volume=1}} p. 46}}單于/儿单于)	*ńe	Wushilu (烏師廬/乌师庐)	105–102/101 BC
Xulihu Chanyu (呴犛湖/呴犁湖) / Goulihu (句犁湖)	hɨo-li-gɑ / ko-li-ga		102/101–101/100 BC
Qiedihou (且鞮侯){{efn\|a.k.a. Chedihou}}	*tsiɑ-te-go		101/100–96 BC
Hulugu Chanyu (狐鹿姑單于/狐鹿姑单于)	*ɣuɑ-lok-kɑ		96–85 BC
Huyandi Chanyu (壺衍鞮單于/壺衍鞮单于)	*ɣɑ-jan^B/H-te		85–68 BC
Xulüquanqu Chanyu (虛閭權渠單于/虚闾权渠单于)	*hɨɑ-liɑ-gyan-gɨɑ		68–60 BC
Woyanqudi Chanyu (握衍朐鞮單于/握衍朐鞮单于)	*ʔɔk-jan^B/H-hɨo-te	Tuqitang (屠耆堂/ 屠耆堂)	60–58 BC
Huhanye Chanyu (呼韓邪單于/呼韩邪单于)	*hɑ-gɑn-ja	Jihoushan{{rp\|59}} ( 稽侯狦)	58 – 31 BC Tuqi 屠耆單于, 58–56 BC Hujie 呼揭單于, 57 BC Juli 車犂單于, 57–56 BC Wuji 烏籍單于, 57 BC Runzhen 閏振單于, 56–54 BC Zhizhi Chanyu 郅支單于, 55 – 36 BC Yilimu 伊利目單于, 49 BC
Fuzhulei Ruodi Chanyu{{rp\|86}} (復株纍若鞮{{efn\|若鞮 (pinyin ruòdī), glossed as "respectful to parents;{{rp\|107}} filial piety"Pulleyblank, E. G. "Chinese and Indo-Europeans." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, no. 1/2 (1966): 9–39. www.jstor.org/stable/25202896. in Hànshū; Pulleyblank reconstructs 若鞮's Early Middle Chinese pronunciation as *njak-tei & instead compares this to Tocharian A ñäkci or Toch. B ñäkc(i)ye "godly, heavenly"}}單于/复株累若鞮单于)	*ńak-te	Diaotaomogao (彫陶莫皋/雕陶莫皋){{rp\|86}}	31–20 BC
Souxie Chanyu{{rp\|86}} (搜諧若鞮單于/搜谐若鞮单于)	so-gɛi / ṣu-gɛi	Jumixu{{rp\|86}} (且麋胥)	20–12 BC
Juya Chanyu{{rp\|87}} (車牙若鞮單于/车牙若鞮单于)	*kɨɑ-ŋa	Jumoju{{rp\|87}} (且莫車/攣鞮且莫車)	12–8 BC
Wuzhuliu Chanyu{{rp\|p. 87}} (烏珠留若鞮單于/乌珠留若鞮单于)	*ʔɑ-tśo-liu	Nangzhiyasi/Zhi R. de Crespigny, "Northern Frontier: the policies and strategy of the Later Han empire", Australian National University Faculty of Asian Studies Monographs, New Series No.4, Canberra 1984, {{cite web\|url=http://www.anu.edu.au/asianstudies/decrespigny/han_xiongnu.html \|title=The Division and Destruction of the Xiongnu Confederacy, Rafe de Crespigny, Publications, Faculty of Asian Studies, ANU \|access-date=2010-12-17 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101174028/http://www.anu.edu.au/asianstudies/decrespigny/han_xiongnu.html \|archive-date=2011-01-01 }}{{page needed\|date=May 2021}} (囊知牙斯)	8 BC – 13 AD
Wulei Chanyu{{rp\|105–107}} (烏累若鞮單于/乌累若鞮单于)	*ʔɑ-lui	Xian (鹹/挛鞮咸)	13–18 AD
Huduershidaogao Chanyu{{rp\|108–109}} (呼都而屍道皋若鞮單于/呼都而尸道皋若鞮单于)	*hɑ-tɑ-ńɨ-śi-dou^H-kou	Yu (輿/挛鞮舆)	18–46 AD
Wudadihou (烏達鞮侯/乌达鞮侯){{rp\|878}}	*ʔɑ-dɑt-te-ɡo		46 AD

= Notes =

=Northern Xiongnu (北匈奴)=

class="wikitable" ! Chinese name !! Reign !! Note
colspan="5" \|
Punu Chanyu (蒲奴)	46–? AD
Youliu{{page needed\|date=May 2021}} (優留)	?–87 AD
Northern Chanyu (北單于)	88–? AD
Yuchujian{{page needed\|date=May 2021}} (於除鞬單于)	91–93 AD
Feng-hou (逢侯)	94–118 AD

=Southern Xiongnu (南匈奴)=

class="wikitable" ! Chinese name !! Data !! Personal Name !! Reign
colspan="5" \|
Sutuhu/Bi (蘇屠胡/比) Huhanxie the Second (呼韓邪第二) Xiluo Shizhu Ti (醯落尸逐鞮)	brought the southern Xiongnu into tributary relations with Han China in AD 50	48–56/55 AD
Qiufu Youti/Mo (丘浮尤提)		55/56–56/57 AD
Yifa Yulüti/Han (伊伐於慮提)		56/57–59 AD
Xitong Shizhu Houti/Shi (醯僮尸逐侯提)		59–63 AD
Qiuchu Julinti/Su 丘除車林提		63 AD
Huxie Shizhu Houti/Chang (湖邪尸逐侯提)		63–85 AD
Yitu Yulüti/Xuan (伊屠於閭提/宣)		85–88 AD
Tuntuhe{{page needed\|date=May 2021}} Shulan{{rp\|130–134}} Xiulan Shizhu Houti (休蘭尸逐侯提)		88–93 AD
Anguo{{page needed\|date=May 2021}} (安國)	started a large scale rebellion against the Han	93–94 AD
Shizi{{page needed\|date=May 2021}} (師子) Tingdu Shizhu Houti (亭獨尸逐侯提)		94–98 AD
Wanshishizhudi/Tan (萬氏尸逐侯提/檀)	opposed by... ...Feng Shanyu	98-124AD 98–118 AD
Wujihoushizhudi/Ba (烏稽尸逐侯提/拔)	???	124–127/128 AD
Xiuli (休利) Qute Ruoshi Zhujiu (去特若尸逐就){{page needed\|date=May 2021}}	committed suicide under Chinese pressure	127/128–140/142?
Cheniu{{page needed\|date=May 2021}}	Popularly elected	140–143 AD
Toulouchu (兜樓儲){{rp\|144}} Hulan Ruoshi Zhujiu(呼蘭若尸逐就)	appointed puppet at the Chinese court	143–147 AD
Jucheer (居車兒){{page needed\|date=May 2021}} Yiling Ruoshi Zhujiu (伊陵若尸逐就)	puppet Chinese appointee that escaped Chinese control; incarcerated by Chinese in 158 AD	147–158 AD (d. 172 AD)
Tute Ruoshi Zhujiu (屠特若尸逐就){{rp\|145}} (True name unknown; the Chinese moniker has negative connotation; confirmed by Chinese Court as Chanyu in 172 AD)		158–178 AD
Huzheng{{rp\|145}} (呼徵)		178–179 AD
Qiangqu (羌渠)	Jiangqu;{{page needed\|date=May 2021}} killed in Xiuchuge Xiongnu rebellion	179–188 AD
Yufuluo (於扶羅)	a.k.a. Chizhi Shizhuhou (特至尸逐侯){{Citation needed\|date=December 2010}}. Homeless puppet Chanyu, overthrown in the Ordos by the Southern Xiongnu rebels led by the Xiuchuge 屠各 and Xiluo 醯落 clans. Led dozens of refugee Xiongnu tribes to Pingyang (平阳) in Shanxi.	188–195 AD
Marquis of Xubu (須卜骨都侯) (True name unknown) \|Installed by the Xiuchuge and rebel faction after they ousted Yufuluo. After his death, his followers abolished the chanyu title and replaced him with a nominal king, but Yufuluo continued to claim the chanyu title in exile. \| \|188–189 AD
Huchuquan (呼廚泉)	Yufuluo's brother,{{page needed\|date=May 2021}} he ruled over the Pingyang Xiongnu after Yufuluo died. After he was detained at Ye in 216, the Chinese court formally abolished the chanyu office.	195–216 AD

Da Chanyu (大單于)

class="wikitable" ! Chinese name !! Data !! Personal Name !! Reign
colspan="5" \|
Liu Yuan (劉淵)	Founder of the Han-Zhao state, a.k.a. Emperor Guangwen (光文)[http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/Dokumenty/China/V/Zsinschi/frametext10.htm] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111130072113/http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/Dokumenty/China/V/Zsinschi/frametext10.htm#\|date=2011-11-30}} note 208	Yuanhai (元海)	304–?
Liu Cong (劉聰)	Han-Zhao state, a.k.a. Emperor Zhaowu (昭武)	Xuanming (玄明)	310–?
Liu Can (劉粲)	Han-Zhao state, a.k.a. Emperor Yin (隱)	Shiguang (士光)	?–?
Liu Yin (劉胤)	Han-Zhao state imperial prince	Yisun (義孫)	325–?
Helian Bobo (赫連勃勃) \| Founder of the Helian Xia state, a.k.a. Emperor Wulie (武烈)	Qujie (屈孑)	407–?

Chanyu family trees

{{chart/start|align=center|style=font-size:110%;|summary=Boxes and lines diagram with 70 boxes}}

{{chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Bx | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Bx=Southern Xiongnu 南匈奴|boxstyle_Bx=border-color: #FF4500;}}

{{chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Nx | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Nx=Northern Xiongnu 北匈奴|boxstyle_Nx=border-color: #00FF00;}}

{{chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tm | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Tm=Touman
头曼单于
r.220–209BC}}

{{chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}

{{chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Md | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Md=Modu Chanyu
冒顿单于
r.209–174BC}}

{{chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}

{{chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ls | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Ls=Laoshang
老上单于
r.174–161BC}}

{{chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|(| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}

{{chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | Jc | | | | | | Zx | | Yz | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Jc=Junchen
军臣单于
r.161-126BC|Zx=daughter
Wife of
Zhao Xin
赵信|Yz=Yizhixie
伊稚斜单于
r.126-114BC}}

{{chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|(| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}

{{chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | Yd | | Ww | | Gl | | Qt | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Yd=涉安侯
於單|Ww=Wuwei Chanyu
烏維单于
r.114-105BC|Gl=Xulihu
呴犁湖单于
r.102/101–
101/100 BC|Qt=Qiedihou
且鞮侯
r.101-96/99?BC}}

{{chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}

{{chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Er | | | | | | Hl | | Ll | | Zd | | Zw | | Yg | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Er=Er
儿单于
r.104-102/101BC|Hl=Hulugu
狐鹿姑单于
r.96-85BC|Ll=daughter
Wife of
Li Ling 李陵
d.74 BC|Zd=左大将|Zw=左大都尉|Yg=右谷蠡王}}

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{{chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Hy | | Zg | | Xl | | Gl2 | | Wc | | Cl | | Xx | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Hy=Huyandi
壺衍鞮单于
r.85-68BC|Zg=左谷蠡王|Xl=Xulüquanqu
虚闾权渠单于
r.68-60BC|Gl2=daughter
Wife of
Li Guangli 李廣利
d.88BC|Wc=daughter
Wife of
乌禅幕|Cl=Cheli
車犂單于
r.57-56BC|Xx=先贤掸}}

{{chart | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}

{{chart | Zz | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Hh | | Yg2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Zz=Zhizhi
郅支单于
r.56-36BC|Hh=Huhanye
呼韩邪单于
r.58-31BC|Yg2=右谷蠡王}}

{{chart | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | }}

{{chart | Jy | | Fz | | | | | | | | | | Sx | | Cy | | Lh | | | | | | Wz | | Zl | | Yt | | Wl | | Le | | | | | | Hd | | | | |Jy=驹于利受|Fz=Fuzhulei Ruoti
搜谐若鞮单于
r.31–20BC|Sx=Souxie
搜谐若鞮单于
r.20-12BC|Cy=Juya
车牙若鞮单于
r.12-8BC|Lh=右贤王
卢浑|Wz=Wuzhuliu
乌珠留若鞮单于
r.8-13AD|Zl=右贤王
铢娄渠堂|Yt=右谷蠡王
伊屠智牙师|Wl=Wulei
乌累若鞮单于
r.13-18AD|Le=左贤王
乐|Hd=Huduershidaogao
呼都而尸道皋若鞮單于
r.18-46AD}}

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{{chart | Xx2 | | Ym |~| Xb | | Dy | | Ql | | Wu | | Du | | Yd2 | | |!| | | Jl | | Jj | | De | | Zh | | Ji | | Wa | |Pn |Xx2=醯諧屠奴侯|Ym=须卜居次
云|Xb=须卜单于
当
r.18-21AD|Dy=当于居次|Ql=左祝都韩王
朐留斯侯|Wu=右於塗仇撣王
乌夷当|Du=左日逐王
都|Yd2=右大且
方|Jl=左於駼仇掸王
稽留昆|Jj=斩将王|De=Shun
顺单于登
r.11–12|Zh=Shun
顺单于助
r.11|Ji=角|Wa=Wudadihou
乌达鞮侯
r.46|Pn=Punu Chanyu
蒲奴
r.46-?|boxstyle_Pn=border-color: #00FF00;}}

{{chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}

{{chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Xl2 | | Wd | | | | | |Qf | |Yf | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Xl2=Sutuhu/Huhanxie
呼韓邪
r.48-56/55|boxstyle_Xl2=border-color: #FF4500;|Wd=右股奴王
乌鞮牙斯|Qf=Qiufu Youti
丘浮尤提
r.55/56-56/57|boxstyle_Qf=border-color: #FF4500;|Yf=Yifa Yulüti 伊伐於慮提
r.56/57-59|boxstyle_Yf=border-color: #FF4500;}}

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{{chart | | | | | | | | | | | | |Xt | | | | | | | | | |Hx | | | | | |Xl3 | |Qc | |Yt2 | |Ag | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Xt=Xitong Shizhu Houti
醢僮尸逐侯提
r.59–63|boxstyle_Xt=border-color: #FF4500;|Hx=Huxie Shizhu Houti
湖邪尸逐侯提
r.63–85|boxstyle_Hx=border-color: #FF4500;|Xl3=Tuntuhe/ Siuan
休兰尸逐侯鞮单于
r.88–93|boxstyle_Xl3=border-color: #FF4500;|Qc=Qiuchu Julinti
丘除车林鞮单于
r.63|boxstyle_Qc=border-color: #FF4500;|Yt2=Yitu Yulüti
伊屠於閭鞮單于
r.85–88|boxstyle_Yt2=border-color: #FF4500;|Ag=Anguo
安国
r.93–94|boxstyle_Ag=border-color: #FF4500;}}

{{chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}

{{chart | | | | | | | | | | | | |Td | |Ws | |Wj | |Qt2 | | Zx2 | |Fh | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Td=Shizi
尸逐
r.94–98'|boxstyle_Td=border-color: #FF4500;|Ws=Wanshishizhudi
萬氏尸逐侯提
r.98–124|boxstyle_Ws=border-color: #FF4500;|Wj=Wujihoushizhudi
烏稽尸逐侯提
r.124–128|boxstyle_Wj=border-color: #FF4500;|Qt2=Xiuli
去特若尸逐就
r.127/128–
140/142?|boxstyle_Qt2=border-color: #FF4500;|Zx2=左贤王|Fh=Feng-hou
逢侯
r.94–118|boxstyle_Fh=border-color: #00FF00;}}

{{chart/start|align=center|style=font-size:110%;|summary=Boxes and lines diagram with 13 boxes}}

{{chart | Tq | | Yl | | Rz | | Wy | | Sz | | Yx |Tq=Tuqi Chanyu
屠耆單于
r.58–56BC|Yl=Yilimu Chanyu
伊利目單于
r.49BC|Rz=Runzhen Chanyu
閏振單于
r.56-54BC|Wy=Huyan Qudi
握衍朐鞮單于
r.60-58BC|Sz=Shengzhi
胜之|Yx=You Xian wáng
右贤王}}

{{chart | Dt | | Gm | | | | | | Aj | | | | | | | | |Dt=都涂吾西|Gm=姑瞀楼头|Aj=Aojian wang
奥鞬王}}

{{chart/start|align=center|style=font-size:110%;|summary=Boxes and lines diagram with 4 boxes}}

{{chart |Be | |Yl | |Yc |Be=Northern Chanyu
北單于
r.89–91AD?|boxstyle_Be=border-color: #00FF00;|Yl=Youliu 優留
r.?–87 AD|boxstyle_Yl=border-color: #00FF00;|Yc=Yuchujian 於除鞬單于
r.91–93AD|boxstyle_Yc=border-color: #00FF00;}}

{{chart/start|align=center|style=font-size:110%;|summary=Boxes and lines diagram with 3 boxes}}

{{chart |Yl |Yl=Jucheer
伊陵尸逐就單于
r.147-158/172; d.172|boxstyle_Yl=border-color: #FF4500;}}

{{chart |Tt |Tt=Tute Ruoshi Zhujiu
屠特若尸逐就單于
r.158/172–178AD|boxstyle_Tt=border-color: #FF4500;}}

{{chart |Hz |Hz=Huzheng
呼徵
r.178–179|boxstyle_Hz=border-color: #FF4500;}}

{{chart/start|align=center|style=font-size:110%;|summary=Boxes and lines diagram with 13 boxes}}

{{chart |border=2| |Qq | | Qb | | Pl |Qq=Qiangqu
羌渠
r.179–188CE|boxstyle_Qq=border-color: #FF4500;|Qb=Qubei
去卑|Pl=Panliuxi
潘六奚}}

{{chart |border=2| | |!| | | Lm | |Lg| | | |Lm=Liu Meng
劉猛|Lg=Liu Gaoshengyuan
劉誥升爰}}

{{chart |border=2| |Cz | |Hc | |UN| | | | | UN=Tiefu/Xia
state|boxstyle_UN=border-width:0px|Cz=Chizhi Shizhu Hou
持至尸逐侯单于
b.150–d.196; r.188–195|boxstyle_Cz=border-color: #FF4500;|Hc=Huchuquan
呼厨泉
r.195–216|boxstyle_Hc=border-color: #FF4500;}}

{{chart |border=2| |Ba| | | | | |Lh| | | |Ba=Liu Bao
劉豹|Lh=Liu Hu
劉虎}}

{{chart |border=2| |HZ| | | | | |TXT| | |HZ=Han-Zhao
state|boxstyle_HZ=border-width:0px|TXT=Tiefu/Xia state
rulers family tree|boxstyle_TXT=border-width:0px}}

{{chart |border=2| | Yu | | | | | | |Yu=Liu Yuan 劉淵 d.310
Guangwen of Han (Zhao)
漢(趙)光文帝 r.304–310|TXT=Tiefu/Xia state
rulers family tree|boxstyle_TXT=border-width:0px}}

{{chart |border=2| |HZT | | | | | | | | |HZT=Han-Zhao rulers
family tree|boxstyle_HZT=border-width:0px}}