chialoup
{{Short description|Type of sloop used in the East Indies}}
File:Het Gezicht van Cheribon 1775 cropped chialoup.jpeg, 1775.]]
A chialoup (or chaloup) was a type of sloop used in the East Indies, a combination of western (Dutch) and Nusantaran (Indonesian) technologies and techniques. Many of these "boat-ships" were produced by VOC shipwrights in Rembang and Juwana, where the majority of the workers were local Javanese. Chialoups were used by the Dutch East India Company and private merchant-sailors of western and Nusantaran origin.
Description
File:Javaanse prauw met twee stuurriemen, NG-1985-7-2-63.jpg
The chialoup sail plan mimics that used in sloops, with a combination of square-rigged and fore-and-aft sails. The boats are usually single-decked with one mast, sometimes with an added mizzen mast.{{Cite book|title=Shallow Waters, Rising Tide|last=Knaap|first=Gerrit|year=1996|location=Leiden|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-67-18102-0}}{{Rp|34}} While most such chialoups use a European-style central rudder, some are equipped with two side (quarter) rudders, a characteristic of Nusantaran boats. The length is between 15 and 25 meters, with a cargo bay almost 6 meters long. Depending on the size of the boat, crews run 20 to 40 people, with a typical load capacity of 72 to 144 metric tons.{{Cite book|title=Verzameling van vier en tachtig stuks Hollandsche schepen : geteekend en in koper gebragt|last=Groenewegen|first=G.|publisher=J. van den Brink|year=1789|location=Rotterdam}} In the syahbandar's (harbourmaster) record of Malacca a chialoup is listed carrying up to 200 tons of cargo and a crew of 75 people.Lee, Kam Hing (1986): 'The Shipping Lists of Dutch Melaka: A Source for the Study of Coastal Trade and Shipping in the Malay Peninsula During the 17th and 18th Centuries', in Mohd. Y. Hashim (ed.), Ships and Sunken Treasure (Kuala Lumpur: Persatuan Muzium Malaysia), p. 53-76. Chialoups on average were armed with 4 cannons, 1 swivel gun, and 7 snaphaunces.{{Cite journal|last=Knaap|first=Gerrit|date=1999|title=Shipping and Trade in Java, c. 1775: A Quantitative Analysis|journal=Modern Asian Studies|volume=33|issue=2 |pages=405–420|doi=10.1017/S0026749X99003078 |s2cid=154992308 }}
In the era after 1820, chialoups gradually disappeared from the "List of Ships and Sea Vehicles from the East Indies", a periodical published by the colonial government of the Dutch East Indies, and the term chialoup appeared more rarely in newspapers, replaced with kotter, a Dutch word for a type of sloop.Bruijn Kops, G.F. de (1854): 'Iets over de Zeevaart in den Indischen Archipel', Tijdschrift voor Nijverheid en Landbouw in Nederlandsch-Indië, 1, 21-69.{{Rp|37}}Bruyn Kops, G.F. de (1921): 'Vaartuigen', in D.G. Stibbe and C. Spat (eds.), Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch-Indië (5; ‘sGravenhage: Nijhoff), 422-446{{Rp|434, 444}}Liebner, Horst H. (2016). Beberapa Catatan Akan Sejarah Pembuatan Perahu Dan Pelayaran Nusantara. Jakarta: Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture.{{Rp|42}}
See also
References
Further reading
- Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia. "[https://www.pinisi.org/ToopHybrids.html Layar dan Perahu Tipe Barat]". Pinisi.org. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
- [https://www.vocsite.nl/schepen/scheepstypen.html Ship types of VOC]
{{Sailing vessels and rigs}}
{{Austronesian ships}}
{{Indonesian traditional vessels}}