chlorine monofluoride
{{Chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 446442027
| Name = Chlorine monofluoride
| ImageFile = Chlorine-monofluoride-2D-dimensions.png
| ImageFile1 = Chlorine-monofluoride-3D-vdW.png
| IUPACName = Chlorine monofluoride
| OtherNames = Chlorine fluoride
| SystematicName =
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 7790-89-8
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CASNoOther =
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = UE4699O6C6
| RTECS =
| EINECS =
| PubChem = 123266
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 109879
| SMILES = FCl
| InChI = 1/FCl/c1-2
| InChIKey = OMRRUNXAWXNVFW-UHFFFAOYAD
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/FCl/c1-2
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = OMRRUNXAWXNVFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Cl=1|F=1
| MeltingPtC = −155.6
| BoilingPtC = −100.1
| Density = 1.62 g/mL (liquid, −100 °C)
| Appearance = Colorless gas (slightly yellow when liquid)
| Solubility = reacts violently
}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| Dipole = 0.881 D
(2.94 × 10−30 C m)
}}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = −56.5 kJ/mol
| Entropy = 217.91 J/(mol·K)
| HeatCapacity = 33.01 J/(mol·K)
}}
| Section9 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherCompounds = {{ubl|Chlorine trifluoride|Chlorine pentafluoride|Bromine monofluoride|Iodine monofluoride|Bromine monochloride|Iodine monochloride|Iodine monobromide|Astatine monofluoride|Astatine monochloride|Astatine monobromide|Astatine monoiodide}}
}}
}}
Chlorine monofluoride is a volatile interhalogen compound with the chemical formula {{chem2|ClF|auto=true}}. It is a colourless gas at room temperature and is stable even at high temperatures. When cooled to −100 °C, ClF condenses as a pale yellow liquid. Many of its properties are intermediate between its parent halogens, chlorine and fluorine.{{cite journal
| title = Über ein neues Chlorfluorid-CIF3
| author = Otto Ruff, E. Ascher
| journal = Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie
| year = 1928
| volume = 176
| issue = 1
| pages = 258–270
| doi = 10.1002/zaac.19281760121
}}
Geometry
The molecular structure in the gas phase was determined by microwave spectroscopy; the bond length is re = 1.628341(4) Å.{{Cite journal |last1=Willis |first1=Robert E. |last2=Clark |first2=William W. |date=May 1980 |title=Millimeter wave measurements of the rotational spectra of ClF, BrF, BrCl, ICl, and IBr |url=https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jcp/article/72/9/4946-4950/790283 |journal=The Journal of Chemical Physics |language=en |volume=72 |issue=9 |pages=4946–4950 |doi=10.1063/1.439780 |bibcode=1980JChPh..72.4946W |issn=0021-9606}}
The bond length in the crystalline ClF is 1.628(1) Å; the lengthening relative to the free molecule is due to an interaction of the type F-Br···ClMe with a distance of 2.640(1) Å. In its molecular packing it shows very short intermolecular Cl···Cl contacts of 3.070(1) Å between neighboring molecules.{{Cite journal |last1=Boese |first1=Roland |last2=Boese |first2=A. Daniel |last3=Bláser |first3=Dieter |last4=Antipin |first4=Michail Yu. |last5=Ellern |first5=Arkadi |last6=Seppelt |first6=Konrad |date=1997-08-04 |title=The Surprising Crystal Packing of Chlorinefluoride |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199714891 |journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English |volume=36 |issue=1314 |pages=1489–1492 |doi=10.1002/anie.199714891 |issn=0570-0833|doi-access=free}}
Reactivity
Chlorine monofluoride is a versatile fluorinating agent, converting metals and non-metals to their fluorides and releasing {{chem2|Cl2}} in the process. For example, it converts tungsten to tungsten hexafluoride and selenium to selenium tetrafluoride:
:{{chem2|W + 6 ClF → WF6 + 3 Cl2}}
:{{chem2|Se + 4 ClF → SeF4 + 2 Cl2}}
FCl can also chlorofluorinate compounds, either by addition across a multiple bond or via oxidation. For example, it adds fluorine and chlorine to the carbon of carbon monoxide, yielding carbonyl chloride fluoride COClF, an intermediate between phosgene and carbonyl fluoride.
:CO + ClF → 50px
Safety
Chlorine monofluoride is extremely reactive. It instantly destroys glass and ignites organic material on contact. Reacts violently with water. Highly corrosive to mucous membranes, skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. May cause permanent blindness.https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Chlorine-monofluoride
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20060116134617/http://www.npi.gov.au/database/substance-info/profiles/44.html National Pollutant Inventory - Fluoride and compounds fact sheet]
- [https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C7790898 WebBook page for FCl]
{{Chlorine compounds}}
{{Fluorides}}
Category:Inorganic chlorine compounds