coat of arms of Slovenia

Historically the modern-day territory of Slovenia consisted of a number of historical lands and territories which were eventually all ruled by the Austrian House of Habsburg.

Until the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, the Slovene Lands did not have a coat of arms representing the whole nation; instead, (most of) the constituent lands had their own coats of arms:

• Windic March, later part of the County of Cilli
• County of Cilli, later part of the Duchy of Carniola
• Duchy of Carniola
• southern Duchy of Carinthia
• Lower Duchy of Styria
• Slovene March in the Vas county of the Kingdom of Hungary, with the adjacent zones of the Zala county (Beltinci, Turnišče, Velika Polana, Kobilje)
• County of Gorizia and Gradisca, later part of the Austrian Littoral
• Istria (in the modern municipalities of Koper, Izola, Piran, Hrpelje-Kozina, Muggia and Dolina), part of the Austrian Littoral

File:Arms of Windic March.svg|Arms of the Windic March

File:Counts of Celje coat of arms (1-4).svg|Combined arms of the Counts of Cilli and Sannock

File:Grb vojvodine Kranjske-CoA of Carniola.svg|Arms of the Duchy of Carniola

File:Kaernten shield CoA.svg|Arms of the Duchy of Carinthia

File:Steiermark Wappen (shield).svg|Arms of the Duchy of Styria

File:Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca Coat of Arms.svg|Arms of the County of Gorizia and Gradisca

File:Coat of arms of the Austrian Littoral.svg|Arms of the Austrian Littoral

File:Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Yogoslavia small.svg from 1918 to 1941 with the Slovenian arms in the lower half]]

When the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs merged with Kingdom of Serbia, Slovenia had its first real coat of arms, which actually was a heavily modified one from the Serbian Kingdom. The coat of arms presents the Serbian shield with white cross on the left, the Croatian shield on the right and under both there is a blue shield representing Slovenes. An image of the royal Yugoslav coat of arms can be seen on the 10-Yugoslav dinar banknote of 1926.[http://aes.iupui.edu/rwise/banknotes/yugoslavia/YugoslaviaP25-10Dinara-1926-donatedms_b.jpg 10 dinar note of 1926] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224203245/http://aes.iupui.edu/rwise/banknotes/yugoslavia/YugoslaviaP25-10Dinara-1926-donatedms_b.jpg |date=February 24, 2012 }}

File:Coat of Arms of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia.svg (1945–1991)]]

The emblem of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia was designed by Branko Simčič on the basis of the symbol of the Liberation Front of the Slovene Nation. It is in the style of socialist emblem of other communist nations. The sea and the mount Triglav motive appeared in the emblem of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia, one of six constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The former emblem was rounded by wheat with linden leaves and featured a red star at the top. There was also the other emblem which presented Yugoslavia as a whole.

A tender for the design of a new coat of arms of Slovenia was published in May 1991. It was won by Marko Pogačnik, whose design was meant to represent Slovenia as a macroregional entity, and to follow in the footsteps of the poet France Prešeren and the architect Jože Plečnik: the arms reflect the description of nature in Prešeren's 19th-century epic The Baptism on the Savica, and are based on Plečnik's informal 1934 proposal for a new coat of arms of Slovenia (in the from of a pillar dedicated to the Virgin Mary outside the parish church of Bled.){{cite news |url=http://www.siol.net/novice/poglobljeno/2011/06/terankosir_avtor_slovenskega_grba.aspx |title=Pogačnik: Slovenija bi se morala osamosvojiti od civilizacije |language=Slovenian|trans-title=Pogačnik: Slovenia Should Become Independent from Civilisation |first=Alenka |last=Teran Košir |newspaper=Planet Siol.net |date=25 June 2011}}

Pogačnik's design was proclaimed the new official coat of arms of Slovenia with the constitutional amendment C 100, which took effect on 24 June 1991.

Carniola coat of arms.png|Coat of arms of the Duchy of Carniola (until 1918)

Arms of Illyrian Slovenia.svg|Inescutcheon symbolizing Slovenia and the Illyrian movement on the coat of arms of Yugoslavia (1918–1941)

Znak Slovenskega Domobranstva.svg|Emblem of German-collaborationist Slovene Home Guard (1943–1945)

File:Grb Republike Slovenije - geometrijsko pravilo.GIF

The designer, Marko Pogačnik, has described the coat of arms as a cosmogram, whose purpose is to create an "energetic field" intended to protect the country and stimulate its inner potential.{{cite web |url=http://www.ljudmila.org/pogacnik/Stran9.html |title=Interview with Marko Pogačnik, the designer of the Slovene coat of arms, carried out before the national celebration in 2003 by the Radio Maribor journalist Barbara Leskovar |year=2003 |first=Marko |last=Pogačnik |publisher=Ljudmila.org |language=Slovenian, English}}

According to Pogačnik, the silhouette of mount Triglav symbolises the male principle, while the two wavy lines below it - representing the Triglav Lakes Valley, the Slovene seacoast, and rivers in general - symbolise the female principle. The three golden mullets above Triglav, taken from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje,{{cite news |date=26 June 2011 |title=Državni simboli niso čarovnija, so pa silen potencial |trans-title=National Symbols are not Magic, but Are a Strong Potential |url=http://www.primorske.si/Priloge/7--Val/Drzavni-simboli-niso-carovnija-so-pa-silen-potenci.aspx |newspaper=Primorske.si |publisher=Primorske novice, d.o.o. |language=Slovenian |issn=1580-4747}} symbolize democracy.

As a work of arts, published in the official journal Official Gazette, the national coat of arms of Slovenia qualifies as an official work and is per Article 9 of the Slovene Copyright and Related Rights Act not protected by the copyrights.M. B. Jančič, M. B. Breznik, M. Damjan, M. Kovačič, M. Milohnić. [http://www.arhiv.mvzt.gov.si/fileadmin/mvzt.gov.si/pageuploads/CRP/UPRAVLJANJE_AVTORSKIH_PRAVIC_NA_INTERNETU_VIDIK_JAVNIH_INSTITUCIJ.pdf Upravljanje avtorskih in sorodnih pravic na Internetu - Vidik javnih inštitucij] (in Slovene) [The Management of Copyright and Related Rights on Internet - The Aspect of Public Institutions]. August 2010. Peace Institute; Faculty of Law, University of Ljubljana. Pg. 28. Its usage is regulated by the Act Regulating the Coat-of-Arms, Flag and Anthem of the Republic of Slovenia and the Flag of the Slovene Nation, published in the Official Gazette in 1994.[http://www.uradni-list.si/1/content?id=70456 Zakon o grbu, zastavi in himni Republike Slovenije ter o slovenski narodni zastavi] (Slovene) [Act Regulating the Coat-of-Arms, Flag and Anthem of the Republic of Slovenia and the Flag of the Slovene Nation]. Official Gazette. 67/1994.

The coat of arms has been criticized by Aleksander Hribovšek of the Heraldica Slovenica society as heraldically deficient: Mount Triglav (whose choice as a national symbol he questions) and the sea are not represented according to heraldic rules, and the overall arms have no official blazon; the form of shield used is also not heraldically recognised.{{cite web |url=http://www.grboslovje.si/novice/article_2011_12_20_0005.php |title=Zgodovina slovenskih državnih grbov |language=Slovenian|trans-title=The History of the Slovene National Coats of Arms |date=20 December 2011 |work=Slovenska heraldika [Slovene Heraldics]}}

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