continuous-flow intersection

A fly-over designed CFI interchange (separated grade) was invented by Francisco Mier. An intersection (at-grade) variant followed. Over 40 have been implemented since 2000. Mier patented his design and required a fee to obtain a license to the design.{{cite web | url=http://www.urbanstreet.info/1st_symp_proceedings/Ec019_e3.pdf | title=Unconventional Left-Turn Alternatives for Urban and Suburban Arterials | access-date=13 June 2007 | last1=Hummer | first1=Joseph E. | last2= Reid | first2= Jonathan D. | publisher=Transportation Research Board | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930055756/http://www.urbanstreet.info/1st_symp_proceedings/Ec019_e3.pdf | archive-date=30 September 2007}} The patent expired in the United States on 15 October 2003.[http://portal.uspto.gov/external/portal/pair United States Patent and Trademark Office], {{patent||US|5049000|patent}}

This general configuration has appeared in different versions in various places, with the implementation of channelization in the United States since the 1950s, such as the Telegraph Road section of U.S. Route 24 in Michigan at Plymouth Road in Redford Charter Township, Michigan.Telegraph Road, Michigan {{coord|42.371267|N|83.275563|W}}

File:Driving trough the Coninuous-Flow Intersection Utah SR-154 Bangerter Hwy at 4100 South 2013-07.ogg (Bangerter Highway) at 4100 South in summer 2013.]]

File:2006 11 14 - 228@210 - WB CFI 1.JPG and Maryland Route 228 in Accokeek, Maryland.]]

File:Continuous-flow-intersection-cfi-4arm-2way-ani.gif{{GeoGroup|level=0}}

Part of the delay at a typical high-volume right-hand traffic intersection is to accommodate left-turns; through-traffic must wait for the traffic turning left because it crosses the path of the through traffic. The continuous flow intersection moves the left-turn conflict out of the intersection and synchronizes it with the signal cycle of the intersecting road.

In the adjacent diagram, while the left/right traffic flows through the main intersection, the left-turn traffic crosses to the opposite side of the oncoming traffic a few hundred feet away. Doing this removes the crossing conflict. When the north/south through traffic is allowed through the main intersection, the north/south left-turn lanes are also allowed through the intersections as their paths are no longer crossing. All traffic flow is controlled by traffic signals as at a regular intersection.

The Louisiana DOTD article on the Baton Rouge CFI includes a particularly informative diagram of that intersection.{{cite web |last=Ruiz de Chavez |first=Lindsay |date=2006-03-21 |title=First 'continuous-flow' intersection in the state opens on Airline today |url=http://www.dotd.louisiana.gov/pressreleases/Release.aspx?key=627 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527101018/http://www.dotd.louisiana.gov/pressreleases/Release.aspx?key=627 |archive-date=2010-05-27 |access-date=4 August 2018 |publisher=Louisiana Department of Transportation & Development}}

To reduce confusion regarding the left-turn lane, the left-turn lane and the straight-through lanes are usually separated by a concrete barrier or traffic island. This diagram shows the straight-through lanes offset by one lane through the intersection and are guided by lines painted through the intersection. But this is just a sample configuration; the lanes may be offset by more lanes or none at all.

Nonetheless, due to the provision of traffic between two directions of opposing traffic, some motorists tend to maintain an ongoing criticism of the intersection. Additionally, as in the case of the half-CFI in Accokeek, the offset left-turn traffic reenters the main traffic stream via a half-signal, requiring motorists to merge from a stop condition onto the higher-speed mainline. Motorists sometimes cite discomfort due to the speed differential, a known cause of accidents, though conflicts can be reduced through the provision of an adequate acceleration lane and merge area. The Accokeek, Maryland CFI also has notable inequalities in traffic flow depending upon the direction of travel.

This type of intersection can require a significant amount of right-of-way to implement (dependent upon the configuration), which is why the technique is not frequently used in urban areas. However, the amount of right-of-way necessary for construction and final operation is still typically less than that of an interchange. Additionally, as there is no grade separation involved, costs are considerably less than that of an interchange alternative.

The redesign of the Redwood Road/6200 South intersection in Taylorsville, Utah cut emissions of carbon dioxide by 19 tons (17 tonnes) per year.FHWA: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eKAONboIzao DLT Case Study – Redwood Road at 6200 South in Taylorsville (Utah)], published July 31, 2014 Compared to the previous design, the redesign of the Bangerter Highway/3500 South intersection saves {{frac|3|1|2}} minutes of travel time per vehicle and {{convert|800,000|USgal|L|abbr=off|sp=us}} of fuel per year, and has 60% fewer accidents nearby; it also cost $20 million to $40 million less in construction costs than a grade-separated alternative.FHWA: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5-U_TgEtJA DLT Case Study – Bangerter Highway in Salt Lake County (Utah)], published July 31, 2014

A parallel-flow intersection (PFI) is a variant similar to the CFI, patented in 2006.{{cite patent | country = US | number = 7135989 B2 | title = Parallel flow vehicle turn system for traffic intersections | status = patent | inventor = Gregory Fife Parsons | assign1 = Gregory Fife Parsons | gdate = 2006-11-14 | pridate = 2004-09-27| fdate = 2004-09-27 }} It arranges the left-turning traffic in a different manner; it is not displaced, instead turning left closer to the intersection onto a parallel roadway, to the left of oncoming traffic.Federal Highway Administration: [https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/09060/006.cfm Alternative Intersections/Interchanges: Informational Report (AIIR)], Publication Number: FHWA-HRT-09-060, April 2010 This was first used in New Jersey at the junction of New Jersey Route 168 and US Highway 130, between Haddon Township and Camden ({{coord|39.90412|N|75.095812|W}}).

{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|

• Junction (road)
• Advanced stop line
• Bowtie
• Box junction
• Hook turn
• Jughandle
• Michigan left
• Quadrant roadway intersection
• Seagull intersection
• Slip lane
• Staggered junction
• Superstreet
• Texas T
• Texas U-turn
• Turnaround (road)

}}

{{Reflist|30em}}

• Federal Highway Administration, [http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/04091/10.htm#1023 Alternative Intersection Treatments - CFI]
• University of Maryland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20110720090118/http://attap.umd.edu/UAID_ags.php?UAIDType=5&iFeature=2 ATTAP] - Animation of a CFI (QuickTime required). Additional information may be accessed via the links on the left side.
• : Note that due to the relatively recent installation of the CFI in Baton Rouge, West Valley, UT, and Fenton, MO, some images may not show the existing conditions.
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20060623050623/http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,610152168,00.html Deseret News story about CFI]
• [http://www.ksl.com/?nid=148&sid=109039 KSL News story about CFI]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20050930182940/http://www.tfhrc.gov/pubrds/05jan/03.htm U.S. Department of Transportation]
• [http://www.natchezdemocrat.com/news/2009/dec/04/continuous-flow-intersection-opens/ CFI open in Natchez, MS]
• Seonyeong Cheong, Saed Rahwanji and Gang-Len Chang: [https://web.archive.org/web/20131230022522/http://attap.umd.edu/bbs/data/publications/Seonyeong_IEEE08_1.pdf Comparison of Three Unconventional Arterial Intersection Designs: CFI, PFI and Upstream Signalized Crossover], ATTAP, University of Maryland, 3 June 2008
• [http://www.virginiadot.org/FHWA-SA-14-068DLTInformationalGuide.pdf DISPLACED LEFT TURN INTERSECTION Informational Guide], Federal Highway Administration, Publication No. FHWA-SA-14-068, August 2014

{{Road junction types}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Continuous-Flow Intersection}}

Category:Road junction types

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