cosmopolitan localism

{{short description|Social innovation}}

Cosmopolitan localism or Cosmolocalism{{cite journal | vauthors=((Schismenos, A.)), ((Niaros, V.)), ((Lemos, L.)) | journal=TripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique | title=Cosmolocalism: Understanding the Transitional Dynamics Towards Post-Capitalism | pages=670–684 | date=21 September 2020 | volume=18 | issue=2 | url=https://philpapers.org/archive/SCHCUT.pdf | issn=1726-670X | doi=10.31269/triplec.v18i2.1188 | s2cid=226359162 | access-date=4 November 2022| doi-access=free }} is a social innovation approach to community development that seeks to link local and global communities through resilient infrastructures that bring production and consumption closer together, building on distributed systems.{{Cite book|title=Designs for the pluriverse : radical interdependence, autonomy, and the making of worlds|first=Arturo|last=Escobar|isbn=9780822370901|location=Durham|oclc=983824383|date=2018-03-22|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/designsforpluriv00esco}} The concept of cosmopolitan localism was pioneered by Wolfgang Sachs, a scholar in the field of environment, development, and globalization.Sachs, Wolfgang (2015) Planet Dialectics: Explorations in Environment and Development. 2nd Edition. London: Zed Books Sachs is known as one of the many followers of Ivan Illich and his work has influenced the green and ecological movements. Contrary to glocalisation, cosmolocalism moves from locality to universality, acknowledging the local as the locus of social co-existence and emphasizing the potential of global networking beyond capitalist market rules.{{cite book |last1=Schismenos |first1=Alexandros |last2=Niaros |first2=Vasilis |last3=Lemos |first3=Lucas |date=2021 |editor-last1=Ramos |editor-first1=José |editor-last2=Bauwens |editor-first2=Michel |editor-last3=Ede |editor-first3=Sharon |editor-last4=Wong |editor-first4=James |title=Cosmolocal Reader|publisher=Futures Lab |pages=37–51 |chapter=A Genealogy of Cosmolocalism |isbn=978-0-9953546-3-0 }}

Cosmopolitan localism fosters a global network of mutually supportive communities (neighbourhoods, villages, towns, cities and regions) who share and exchange knowledge, ideas, skills, technology, culture and (where socially and ecologically sustainable) resources.Kossoff, G. (2019). Cosmopolitan Localism: The Planetary Networking of Everyday Life in Place. Cuarderno Journal 73: Transition Design Monograph: 61-65. doi: https://doi.org/10.18682/cdc.vi73.1037 The approach seeks to foster a creative, reciprocal relationship between the local and the global. Cosmopolitan localism aims to address problems that emerge from globalization—namely, the subsuming of local cultures and economies into a homogenised and unsustainable global system{{Cite book|title=The McDonaldization of society|first=George|last=Ritzer|date=2004|publisher=Pine Forge Press|isbn=978-0761988113|edition=Rev. new century|location=Thousand Oaks, Calif.|oclc=53315154|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/mcdonaldizationo0000ritz}}{{Citation|title=When Corporations Rule the World.|year=2016|others=Korten, David C., Burns, Traber|publisher=Audible Studios on Brilliance audio|isbn=9781511397162|oclc=933522026}}—while simultaneously avoiding the pitfalls of localization, such as parochialism and isolationism.{{Cite book|title=The Murray Bookchin reader|first=Murray|last=Bookchin|date=1999|publisher=Black Rose Books|others=Biehl, Janet, 1953-|isbn=978-1551641195|location=Montréal|oclc=41976257}}{{Cite book|title=The condition of postmodernity : an enquiry into the origins of cultural change|first=David|last=Harvey|date=1990|publisher=Blackwell|isbn=978-0631162926|location=Oxford [England]|oclc=18747380}}

The self-organization of people with access to the fostered global network, collaborate and produce shared resources and their own governance systems. This system is built around a commons and entails the social practices of creating and governing a resource through the institutions that a community of producers or users creates and manages. They manifest in various formats, from the co-management of natural resources (e.g., fisheries, pastures) to the co-creation and co-management of digitally shared content. Initiatives such as the free encyclopedia Wikipedia, which has displaced the corporate-organized Encyclopedia Britannica and Microsoft Encarta, and the Apache HTTP Server, the leading software in the web-server market, have exemplified digital commons. The beginning of commons almost exclusively contained digital forms of virtual projects and communities. The later movements of commons have now also included local manufacturing and the entanglement between analog and digital technologies across natural and digital commons, physical and digital spaces, activities, and time.{{cite journal |last1=Kostakis |first1=Vasilis |last2=Pantazis |first2=Alekos |title=Is 'Deschooling Society' Possible? Notes from the Field |journal=Postdigital Science and Education |date=2021-04-13 |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=686–692 |doi=10.1007/s42438-021-00228-6 |s2cid=234874364 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/5180774 }}

Italian design and social innovation educator and academic Ezio Manzini describes cosmopolitan localism as having the potential to generate a new sense of place. With cosmopolitan localism, places are not considered isolated entities, but nodes in short-distance and long-distance networks which globally link local communities in distributed networks of shared exchange, bringing production and consumption closer together. The short-distance networks generate and regenerate the local socio-economic fabric and the long-distance networks connect a particular community to the rest of the world.{{Cite book|title=Design, when everybody designs : an introduction to design for social innovation|last=Ezio|first=Manzini|isbn=9780262328630|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|oclc=904398409}} This form of cosmolocalism is rooted in an emerging productive model that is based on the concept of the digital commons and the motto "design global, manufacture local" (DGML).{{Cite journal |last1=Kostakis |first1=V. |last2=Niaros |first2=V. |last3=Dafermos |first3=G. |last4=Bauwens |first4=M. |date=2015 |title= Design global, manufacture local: Exploring the contours of an emerging productive model |journal=Futures |language=en |volume=73 |pages=126–135 |doi= 10.1016/j.futures.2015.09.001 |s2cid=43960216|url=https://zenodo.org/record/996189 }}

Cosmopolitan localism is a topic of focus for transition designers who explore design-led societal transition toward more sustainable futures.{{Cite journal|last=Irwin|first=Terry|date=2015-04-03|title=Transition Design: A Proposal for a New Area of Design Practice, Study, and Research|journal=Design and Culture|language=en|volume=7|issue=2|pages=229–246|doi=10.1080/17547075.2015.1051829|s2cid=117643577|issn=1754-7075}} It captures the dynamic of dispersed technology initiatives, which exhibit conceptualisations of living, working and making around the commons. Cosmopolitan localism or cosmolocalism has been viewed as a structural framework for organising production by prioritising socio-ecological well-being over corporate profits, over-production and excess consumption.{{Cite journal|last1=Kostakis|first1=Vasilis|last2=Niaros|first2=Vasilis|last3=Giotitsas|first3=Chris|date=2023-06-30|title=Beyond global versus local: illuminating a cosmolocal framework for convivial technology development|journal=Sustainability Science|volume=18 |issue=5 |pages=2309–2322 |language=en|doi=10.1007/s11625-023-01378-1|issn=1937-0709|doi-access=free|bibcode=2023SuSc...18.2309K }} Others have argued that cosmolocalism advances alternatives that could potentially undermine dominant capitalist imaginary significations, attitudes and modalities. It can lead the way for a transition towards a post-capitalist, commons-centric economy and society where value is collectively created and accessible to all. In order for cosmolocalism to become more than a blueprint for a mode of production, the autonomy of local communities and individuals is essential.{{Cite journal|last1=Schismenos|first1=Alexandros|last2=Niaros|first2=Vasilis|last3=Lemos|first3=Lucas|date=2020-09-21|title=Cosmolocalism: Understanding the Transitional Dynamics Towards Post-Capitalism|url=https://zenodo.org/records/4415304/files/Schismenos_et_al_2020.pdf|journal=TripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique |language=en|pages=670–684|doi=10.31269/triplec.v18i2.1188|issn=1726-670X|doi-access=free}}

However, this autonomy of communities is not political and can be created within the framework of current legislation and political systems of countries, so that states are not afraid of losing control and power over the country, which will hinder the development of communities in this direction. In fact, these communities can be legally registered as a non-profit organizations with the main goal of improving the community and sustainable use of its resources.{{cite journal | doi=10.3390/su14084386 | doi-access=free | title=Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and Their Part towards Sustainable Community Development | date=2022 | last1=Abiddin | first1=Norhasni Zainal | last2=Ibrahim | first2=Irmohizam | last3=Abdul Aziz | first3=Shahrul Azuwar | journal=Sustainability | volume=14 | issue=8 | page=4386 }}

An example of the successful use of open sources within communities is the local production of wind turbines. Based on open technologies that are available on the Internet,{{cite web | url=https://www.instructables.com/How-I-built-an-electricity-producing-wind-turbine/ | title=How I Built an Electricity Producing Wind Turbine }} local communities in various countries around the world self-organized and assembled wind turbines from scrap materials to power local hospitals, schools or private homes.{{cite web | url=https://windexchange.energy.gov/small-community-wind-handbook | title=WINDExchange: Small Community Wind Handbook }} For example, in Greece, in a small mountain village, a local community built a wind turbine to provide sustainable energy to the only hospital, since the village is located in a place difficult to access for electrification.

In this example, if the state were to solve this problem, then most likely years would pass from the decision to electrify the village in the mountains to the end of the construction of expensive infrastructure, which would cost at least several million dollars. However, self-organization and the principles of cosmolocalism allowed this village to solve its problems within 3-4 months, while the cost of a homemade wind turbine does not exceed a few thousand dollars.{{cite web | url=https://zoofy.nl/en/price-guides/costs-windmill-at-home/ | title=Costs windmill at home - Cost overview 2024 - Zoofy }}

This example shows how cost-effective the development of cosmolocalism can be. This will not only significantly reduce unnecessary government spending on expensive projects, but also use natural resources as sustainably and efficiently as possible.

This concept does not completely change the current dominant paradigm of capitalism but is its new form. Paradigm experts such as Carlota Perez argue that capitalism is still the most optimal economic structure of society, but it requires new forms and solutions, such as the transition to subscription-based long-term products with updates, products of the sharing economy, recycled products, etc.https://carlotaperez.org/wp-content/downloads/new-book/outputs/working-papers/BTTR_WP_2016-1.pdf This will preserve the concept of free market relations, increasing economic efficiency, but at the same time will affect a more sustainable and efficient use of resources in this new form of capitalism.

The main reason why these concepts are so important is the use of non-renewable resources of the Earth. For example, energy consumption is growing faster than global GDP every year,{{cite journal | url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.06.046 | doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2011.06.046 | title=An overview of energy consumption of the globalized world economy | date=2011 | last1=Chen | first1=Z.M. | last2=Chen | first2=G.Q. | journal=Energy Policy | volume=39 | issue=10 | pages=5920–5928 | bibcode=2011EnPol..39.5920C }} and given the development of artificial intelligence technologies that require many times more electricity, this trend will noticeably worsen.{{cite journal | url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suscom.2023.100857 | doi=10.1016/j.suscom.2023.100857 | title=Trends in AI inference energy consumption: Beyond the performance-vs-parameter laws of deep learning | date=2023 | last1=Desislavov | first1=Radosvet | last2=Martínez-Plumed | first2=Fernando | last3=Hernández-Orallo | first3=José | journal=Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems | volume=38 | arxiv=2109.05472 | bibcode=2023SCIS...3800857D }} At the same time, by 2023, renewable energy sources make up no more than 15% of all sources used.{{cite journal | url=https://ourworldindata.org/energy-production-consumption | title=Energy Production and Consumption | journal=Our World in Data | date=26 February 2024 | last1=Ritchie | first1=Hannah | last2=Rosado | first2=Pablo | last3=Roser | first3=Max }}