cosmos (plant)
{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants in the daisy family}}
{{other uses|Cosmos (disambiguation)}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Cosmos bipinnatus (2).jpg
| image_caption = C. bipinnatus
| image2 = Correo - Cadillo (Cosmos sulphureus) (15183920495).jpg
| image2_caption = C. sulphureus
| display_parents = 2
| taxon = Cosmos
| authority = Cav.{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?2986 |title=Genus Cosmos Cav. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=1998-09-07 |access-date=2011-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924002644/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?2986 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}
| synonyms =
- Cosmea Willd.
- Adenolepis Less.
- Cosmea Willd.
- Cosmos sect. Eucosmos Sherff
- Cosmus Pers.
| range_map =
}}
Cosmos is a genus, with the same common name of cosmos, consisting of flowering plants in the sunflower family.Cavanilles, Antonio José. 1791. Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum 1(1): 9–10, pl. 14[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40015099 Tropicos, Cosmos Cav.]
Name
The generic name Cosmos derives either from the Greek κόσμος (cosmos) ‘(ordered) world’ -in reference to the neat, orderly arrangement of the floral structures Harvesting History https://harvesting-history.com/cosmos/#:~:text=The%20name%2C%20Cosmos%2C%20comes%20from,arrangement%20of%20the%20plant's%20petals. Retrieved at 23.02 on Saturday 27/7/24. - or the Greek κόσμημα (kósmima) ‘jewel’ - in reference to the jewel-like colours of the capitula (composite flowers).The joy of plants https://www.thejoyofplants.co.uk/cosmos Retrieved at 23.19 on Saturday 27/7/24.
Description
Cosmos are herbaceous perennial plants or annual plants growing {{convert|0.3|-|2|m|abbr=on}} tall. The leaves are simple, pinnate, or bipinnate, and arranged in opposite pairs. The flowers are produced in a capitulum with a ring of broad ray florets and a center of disc florets; flower color varies noticeably between the different species. The genus includes several ornamental plants popular in gardens. Numerous hybrids and cultivars have been selected and named.
Species
File:Cosmos flower field -3 (8101335885).jpg, Japan]]
File:Cosmos and girl 120122.jpg
File:Cosmos sulphureus - flower view 01.jpg]]
Accepted species:{{cite GCD |title=Cosmos Cav.. |id=1076796 |access-date=2023-05-17}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
- Cosmos atrosanguineus (Hook.) Voss
- Cosmos bipinnatus Cav.
- Cosmos carvifolius Benth.
- Cosmos caudatus Kunth
- Cosmos concolor Sherff
- Cosmos crithmifolius Kunth
- Cosmos dahlioides
- Cosmos deficiens (Sherff) Melchert
- Cosmos herzogii Sherff
- Cosmos intercedens Sherff
- Cosmos jaliscensis Sherff
- Cosmos juxtlahuacensis Panero & Villaseñor
- Cosmos landii Sherff
- Cosmos linearifolius (Sch.Bip.) Hemsl.
- Cosmos longipetiolatus Melchert
- Cosmos mattfeldii Sherff
- Cosmos mcvaughii Sherff
- Cosmos microcephalus Sherff
- Cosmos modestus Sherff
- Cosmos montanus Sherff
- Cosmos nelsonii B.L.Rob. & Fernald
- Cosmos nitidus Paray
- Cosmos ochroleucoflorus Melchert
- Cosmos pacificus Melchert
- Cosmos palmeri B.L.Rob.
- Cosmos parviflorus (Jacq.) Pers.
- Cosmos peucedanifolius Wedd.
- Cosmos pringlei B.L.Rob. & Fernald
- Cosmos purpurens Sherff
- Cosmos purpureus (DC.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Hemsl.
- Cosmos scabiosoides Kunth
- Cosmos schaffneri Sherff
- Cosmos scherfii Melchert
- Cosmos sessilis Sherff
- Cosmos sherffii Melchert
- Cosmos steenisiae Veldkamp
- Cosmos sulphureus Cav.
{{div col end}}
Distribution
Cosmos species are native to scrub and meadowland in Mexico where most of the species occur. In the United States, some varieties may be found as far north as the Olympic Peninsula in Washington, but the range also extends through Central America to South America as far south as Paraguay{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}. One species, C. bipinnatus, is naturalized across much of the eastern United States and eastern Canada.[http://bonap.net/NAPA/TaxonMaps/Genus/County/Cosmos Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps]
It is also widespread over the high eastern plains of South Africa, where it was introduced via contaminated horsefeed during the Anglo-Boer War.{{Cite book|last=Sandys|first=Celia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D6f8jSkWWxAC&q=cosmos|title=Chasing Churchill: The Travels of Winston Churchill|publisher=Hachette UK|year=2009|isbn=978-0786740154|quote=The South African Light Horse, having no baggage train and living largely off the country, were able to range widely across Natal. How widely can be seen from the spread of the beautiful pink cosmos flower, a native of Argentina which was imported into South Africa in the British Army's horse fodder. Just as cairns on the battlefields mark where soldiers fell, so their route is marked by the pink swathes of cosmos. As my children picked bunches of these lovely flowers for me I wondered if the seeds from which they originated had germinated in the belly of my grandfather's horse as he had ridden that way.|page=92}}
Gallery
File:Cosmos sulphureus കോസ്മോസ് പൂവ്.jpeg|Kerala, India|alt=Flower in Kerala, India
File:Cosmos yellow orange.JPG|Kerala|alt=Yellow-orange, Kerala, India
File:Gokayama Suganuma 五箇山菅沼地区 PA101521.jpg|Old house in Japan
File:CosmosDSC 0005.JPG|Korea
File:Cosmos-atrosanguineus.jpg|Cosmos atrosanguineus, the chocolate cosmos
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category|Cosmos (Asteraceae)}}
- {{Wikispecies-inline|Cosmos}}
- [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?2986 Germplasm Resources Information Network: Cosmos]
- [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=40&taxon_id=108151 Flora of Bolivia: Cosmos checklist]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q476937}}
{{Authority control}}