crime in Chicago

Chicago saw a major rise in violent crime starting in the late 1960s. Homicides in the city peaked in 1974, with 970 homicides when the city's population was over three million, resulting in a homicide rate of around 29 per 100,000, and again in 1992, with 948 homicides when the city had fewer than three million people, resulting in a homicide rate of 34 per 100,000 citizens.

After 1992, the homicide count steadily decreased to 415 murders by the mid-2000s, a reduction of over 50 percent. In 2021, there were 805 homicides recorded, representing a homicide rate of 29.8 per 100,000. The year of 2022 saw a decline in homicides, followed by another 15% decline in 2023, ending the year with a total of 621.

File:2013 Chicago Homicide Map.png (click to enlarge)]]

Chicago experienced major rises in the 1920s, in the late 1960s, and in the 2020s.{{cite web|url=https://portal.chicagopolice.org/portal/page/portal/ClearPath/News/Statistical |title=Chicago Police Annual Report 1967 |publisher=Chicago Police Department |format=PDF |access-date=July 26, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304041413/https://portal.chicagopolice.org/portal/page/portal/ClearPath/News/Statistical%20Reports/Annual%20Reports/1967_AR.pdf |archive-date=March 4, 2016 }} a decline in overall crime in the 2000s,{{cite web|url=https://portal.chicagopolice.org/portal/page/portal/ClearPath/News/Statistical%20Reports/Annual%20Reports/96AnnualReport.pdf |title=Chicago Police Annual Report 1996 |publisher=Chicago Police Department |access-date=July 26, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122922/https://portal.chicagopolice.org/portal/page/portal/ClearPath/News/Statistical%20Reports/Annual%20Reports/96AnnualReport.pdf |archive-date=March 4, 2016 }} and then a rise in murders in 2016.{{cite web |title=Chicago Police Annual Report 2017 |url=https://home.chicagopolice.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/2017-Annual-Report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203184344/https://home.chicagopolice.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/2017-Annual-Report.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2018 |access-date=December 24, 2018 |website=chicagopolice.org |publisher=Chicago Police Department |page=68}} Murder, rape, and robbery are common violent crimes in the city, and the occurrences of such incidents are documented by the Chicago Police Department and indexed in annual crime reports.{{cite web |date=2024-02-20 |title=2023 Chicago Police Annual Report |url=https://www.chicagopolice.org/wp-content/uploads/2023-Annual-Report.pdf |archive-date= |access-date=2025-04-19 |publisher=Chicago Police Department |page=135 |format=PDF}}

After adopting crime-fighting techniques in 2004 that were recommended by the Los Angeles Police Department and the New York City Police Department, Chicago recorded 453 homicides, the lowest total since 1965. This homicide rate of 15.8 per 100,000 population was still above the U.S. average, an average which takes in many small towns and suburbs.{{cite web|title=Chicago Police Department News Release |date=January 19, 2007 |url=http://www.ci.chi.il.us/webportal/COCWebPortal/COC_EDITORIAL/CrimeDrop2006.pdf |website=Ci.chi.il.us |access-date=December 17, 2015 }} {{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

By 2010, Chicago's homicide rate had surpassed that of Los Angeles (16.3 per 100,000), and was more than twice that of New York City (7.0 per 100,000).{{Cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-chicago-police-shootings-homicide-met-20140701-story.html|title=Chicago violence continues to outpace NYC, LA|work=Chicago Tribune|date=July 2014 }}

By the end of 2015, Chicago's homicide rate rose to 18.6 per 100,000. By 2016, Chicago had recorded more homicides and shooting victims than New York City and Los Angeles combined.{{Cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-august-most-violent-shootings-chicago-20160829-story.html|title=August most violent month in Chicago in nearly 20 years|first=Chicago|last=Tribune|website=Chicago Tribune|date=August 29, 2016 }}

By the end of 2020, Chicago's homicide rate rose to 28.4 per 100,000. Chicago recorded 779 homicides in 2020. This figure represents an increase of more than 55% over 2019. On the Fourth of July weekend 2021, at least 100 people, mostly African-American, were shot, 18 of them fatally.{{Cite news |title=Chicago's Top Cop Says Courts 'Making Us All Less Safe' After Bloody Fourth of July Weekend |url=https://news.wttw.com/2021/07/06/chicago-s-top-cop-says-courts-making-us-all-less-safe-after-bloody-fourth-july-weekend |access-date=2021-07-16 |website=WTTW News |language=en}}

Chicago's biggest criminal justice challenges have changed little over the last 50 years, and statistically reside with homicide, armed robbery, gang violence, and aggravated battery.

{{Collapse top|title= Homicide statistics}}

{{Collapse bottom}}File:CrimeScene.jpg in Englewood, 2015]]Former Chicago Police Superintendent Garry McCarthy said a pervasive "no-snitch code" on the street remains the biggest reason more murders aren't being solved in Chicago, adding, "We're not doing well because we're not getting cooperation [...] They don't feel protected when they come forward. They feel that police will throw them under a bus, and they still have to live in the neighborhood."{{cite web |url=http://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20130104/chicago-citywide/chicago-murder-clearance-rate-worst-more-than-two-decades |title=Chicago Murder Clearance Rate Worst in More Than 2 Decades – Chicago |website=Dnainfo.com |date=January 4, 2013 |access-date=December 17, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222151834/http://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20130104/chicago-citywide/chicago-murder-clearance-rate-worst-more-than-two-decades |archive-date=December 22, 2015 }} By 2016, Chicago's murder clearance rate had dropped to only 21%, and its detective force had dwindled from 1,151 in 2009 to 863 as of July 2016.{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/sep/10/chicagos-conundrum-more-homicides-fewer-detectives|title=Chicago's crime conundrum: More homicides, fewer detectives|date=September 10, 2016|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=The Guardian}} Warmer months have significantly higher homicide rates, and over 70% of homicides take place between 7 pm and 5 am.{{cite web|url=http://home.chicagopolice.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/2011-Murder-Report.pdf |title=2011 Chicago Murder Analysis |website=Home.chicagopolice.org |access-date=December 17, 2015}}File:Shootout2016.jpg with an armed suspect in 2016]]

In 2011, 83% of homicides involved a firearm, and 6.4% were the result of a stabbing. 10% of homicides in 2011 were the result of an armed robbery and at least 60% were gang or gang narcotics altercations. Over 40% of victims and 60% of offenders were between the ages of 17 and 25. 90.1% of victims were male. 75.3% of victims and 70.5% of offenders were African American, 18.9% were Hispanic (20.3% of offenders), and whites were 5.6% of victims (3.5% of offenders).

Chicago Police Superintendent Garry McCarthy was terminated by Rahm Emanuel following the fall out from the shooting of Laquan McDonald.{{Cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/chicago-police-chief-garry-mccarthy-fired-by-mayor-rahm-emanuel/ |title=Chicago Police Chief Garry McCarthy fired by Mayor Rahm Emanuel |publisher=Fox News |date=September 11, 2001 |access-date=December 1, 2015}}File:Homicides and Trauma Centers in Chicago .svgA gunshot wound to the body's center of mass can quickly prove fatal without immediate medical attention due to blood loss and internal injuries.{{cite web|url=http://www.livescience.com/21774-bullet-gunshot-wound-survive.html |title=How Do People Survive Gunshot Wounds? | Colorado Shooting |website=Livescience.com |date=July 23, 2012 |access-date=December 17, 2015}} In September 2015, University of Chicago Medicine and Sinai Health Systems announced a joint $40 million venture to convert Holy Cross Hospital into a Level 1 trauma center on the South side, making some of Chicago's most violent neighborhoods less than five miles from high-quality care.{{Cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-university-of-chicago-mount-sinai-south-side-trauma-center-20150910-story.html |title=South Side to get adult trauma center after years of protest |work=Chicago Tribune |date=September 10, 2015 |access-date=December 17, 2015}} Non-fatal gunshot victims in Chicago had an overall rate of occurrence of 46.5 per 100,000 from 2006 to 2012, with a demographic breakdown of 1.62 per 100,000 for whites; 28.72 for Hispanics, and 112.83 for blacks.{{cite web|url=http://isps.yale.edu/research/publications/isps14-005#.VuGC0JMrIdU|title=Tragic, but not Random: The Social Contagion of Nonfatal Gunshot Injuries – Institution for Social and Policy Studies}} It is estimated that the medical expenses associated with gun violence costs the city of Chicago $2.5 billion a year.{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/23/gun-violence-cost-chicago_n_3328349.html|title=Analysis: Homicides Cost Chicago $2.5 Billion|date=May 23, 2013|newspaper=Huffington Post}}{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-05-23/first-lady-s-chicago-shows-gun-toll-for-city-that-bleeds|title=Chicago Killings Cost $2.5 Billion as Murders Top N.Y.'s|first1=Tim|last1=Jones|first2=John|last2=McCormick|newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=May 23, 2013|via=www.bloomberg.com}}

Chicago has been criticized for comparatively light sentencing guidelines for those found illegally in possession of a firearm. Most people convicted of illegal gun possession receive the minimum sentence, one year, a Chicago Sun-Times analysis found, and serve less than half of the sentence because of time for good behavior and pre-trial confinement. The minimum sentence for felons found in possession of a firearm is two years. Those charged with simple gun possession had an average of four prior arrests. [https://www.fox32chicago.com/news/new-law-would-toughen-sentences-for-repeat-gun-offenders Felons charged with prior gun related crimes will be faced with stricter sentencing as of a new bill proposed in 2017]. Those charged with gun possession by a felon had an average of ten prior arrests.{{Cite news|url=http://chicago.suntimes.com/news/gun-shy-lighter-sentences-in-cook-county-fuel-lock-em-up-debate/|title=Gun shy: Lighter sentences in Cook County fuel lock 'em up debate|date=November 29, 2014 }}

August 2016 marked the most violent month Chicago had recorded in over two decades with 92 homicides, included the murder of Nykea Aldridge, cousin of NBA star Dwyane Wade.{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/08/28/us/chicago-dwyane-wade-cousin-nykea-aldridge-killed/index.html|title=Dwyane Wade's cousin Nykea Aldridge killed|author=Ralph Ellis |author2=Vivian Kuo|date=August 28, 2016 |publisher=CNN}} Chicago's 2016 murder and shooting surge attracted national media attention from CNN, The New York Times, USA Today, Time magazine and PBS.{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2016/04/01/murders-shootings-soar-chicago-through-first-three-months-2016/82507210/|title=Chicago's murder rate soars 72% in 2016; shootings up more than 88%|website=USA Today}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/29/us/violence-surges-in-chicago-even-as-policing-debate-rages-on.html|title=Violence Surges in Chicago Even as Policing Debate Rages On|date=March 29, 2016|work=The New York Times}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/31/us/chicago-shootings-homicides-summer/index.html|title=Residents fear Chicago will set new deadly record|first=Bill |last=Kirkos|date=April 2016 |publisher=CNN}}{{Cite news|url=https://time.com/4279702/chicago-murders-have-jumped-71-so-far-in-2016/|title=Chicago Murders Have Jumped 71% So Far in 2016|first=Justin|last=Worl|date=April 2016 }}{{Cite news|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/chicago-grapples-with-worst-murder-rate-in-two-decades/|title=Chicago grapples with worst murder rate in two decades|website=PBS|date=April 3, 2016 }} Filmmaker Spike Lee's 2015 release, Chi-Raq, highlights Chicago's gun violence using a narrative inspired by the Greek comedy Lysistrata.{{Cite news|url=http://abc7chicago.com/entertainment/abc7-exclusive-spike-lee-talks-about-chiraq/1077934/|title=ABC7 Exclusive: Spike Lee talks about Chiraq|date=November 10, 2015}}

Chicago's deadliest day since reliable digital records began in 1991, was on May 31, 2020, with 18 murders committed. That day was part of a three-day weekend that had 85 shootings, and 24 murders, the all-time highest number killed on a Chicago weekend.{{cite news |title=85 shot, 24 fatally, over Chicago's most violent weekend of 2020 |url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/2020/6/1/21275944/chicago-weekend-shootings-most-violent-weekend-2020-may-29-june-1 |access-date=22 June 2023 |agency=Chicago Sun Times |date=Jun 2, 2020}} Reports indicate that the victims were of various ages and occupations, but mostly black. The violence was framed by the George Floyd protests, but researchers said it was unheard of and unable to be contextualized. The city's second-deadliest day had 13 murders, and occurred in 1991 shortly after digital records were introduced. There is no deadlier day recorded in the past 60 years, but records prior to 1991 may be unreliable.{{Cite news|date=2020-06-09|title=Chicago sees deadliest day of violence in decades|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52984535|access-date=2020-06-10}}

The seventy-seven Chicago community areas were defined cooperatively by the U.S. Census Bureau and the University of Chicago Department of Sociology following the 1920 Census. Although there have been substantial changes in population and infrastructure since then, the community areas remain the most widely used geographic units by Chicago planning agencies, advocacy groups, and service providers.

Homicide rates in Chicago vary greatly depending on the community area. Many of the predominantly African American community areas on the South Side are impoverished, lack educational resources and noted for high levels of street gang activity.{{cite journal |last=Moser |first=Whet |date=August 14, 2012 |title=Gawker Glosses Chicago's Murder Problem |url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/The-312/August-2012/Gawker-Glosses-Chicagos-Murder-Problem/ |url-status=dead |journal=Chicago |publisher=Chicago Tribune Media Group |issue=August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903085301/http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/The-312/August-2012/Gawker-Glosses-Chicagos-Murder-Problem/ |archive-date=September 3, 2014 |access-date=August 28, 2014}} The community areas of Englewood on the South Side, and Austin on the West side, for example, have homicide rates that are ten times higher than other parts of the city.{{cite news |last=Christensen |first=Jen |date=March 14, 2014 |title=Tackling Chicago's 'crime gap' |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/03/13/us/chicago-crime-gap/ |access-date=August 28, 2014 |publisher=CNN}} In September 2015, West Garfield Park was named "America's mass shooting capital", citing 18 occasions in 2015 in which at least four people were shot in a single incident.{{Cite news |last=Ray |first=Justin |date=October 8, 2015 |title=New Report Declares Chicago Neighborhood as 'America's Mass-Shooting Capital' |url=http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/New-Report-Declares-Chicago-Neighborhood-Americas-Mass-Shooting-Capital-331482962.html |access-date=December 17, 2015 |publisher=NBC Chicago}}

Violence in these community areas has had a detrimental impact on the academic performance of children in schools, as well as a higher financial burden for school districts in need of counselors, social workers, and psychiatrists to help children cope with the violence.{{Cite journal |last1=Sharkey |first1=P. T. |last2=Tirado-Strayer |first2=N |last3=Papachristos |first3=A. V. |last4=Raver |first4=C. C. |year=2012 |title=The effect of local violence on children's attention and impulse control |journal=American Journal of Public Health |volume=102 |issue=12 |pages=2287–93 |doi=10.2105/AJPH.2012.300789 |pmc=3519330 |pmid=23078491}} In 2014, Chicago Public Schools adopted the "Safe Passage Route" program to place unarmed volunteers, police officers and firefighters along designated walking routes to provide security for children en route to school.{{Cite news |date=August 30, 2013 |title=Chicago's "Safe Passage" program put to test on first day of school |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/chicagos-safe-passage-program-put-to-test-on-first-day-of-school/ |access-date=December 17, 2015 |work=CBS News}} From 2010 to 2014, 114 school children were murdered in Chicago.{{Cite news |date=September 5, 2014 |title='Safe Passage' for students through Chicago's violent streets |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/safe-passage-for-students-through-chicagos-violent-streets/ |access-date=December 17, 2015 |work=CBS News}}

The table below shows population, crime totals and per capita crime rates by community area for 2020, the most recent Census year.

{{Static row numbers}}

{{Main|Gangs in Chicago}}

File:Gangster disciples chicago.jpg in Chicago]]Chicago has an estimated population of over 100,000 active gang members from nearly 60 factions.{{Cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/fullpage/chicago-gang-violence-numbers-17509042 |title=Chicago Gang Violence: By The Numbers |website=Abcnews.go.com |access-date=December 17, 2015}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/chicago-crime-commision-gang-book-138174334.html |title=Chicago Most Gang-Infested City in U.S., Officials Say |publisher=NBC Chicago |date=January 26, 2012 |access-date=December 17, 2015}} Gang warfare and retaliation is common in Chicago. Gangs were responsible for 61% of the homicides in Chicago in 2011.

Former Chicago Police Superintendent Garry McCarthy blames Chicago's gang culture for its high rates of homicide and other violent crime, stating "It's very frustrating to know that it's like 7% of the population causes 80% of the violent crime...The gangs here are traditional gangs that are generational, if you will. The grandfather was a gang member, the father's a gang member, and the kid right now is going to be a gang member."{{Cite news|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/gangs-guns-fuel-chicagos-summer-surge-violence/ |title=Gangs and guns fuel Chicago's summer surge of violence | PBS NewsHour |website=Pbs.org |date=July 20, 2015 |access-date=December 17, 2015}}

Mayor Rahm Emanuel disbanded the Chicago Police Department's anti-gang unit in 2012 in order to focus on beat patrols, which he said would have a more long-term solution to violence than anti-gang units.{{Cite news |url=http://www.wbez.org/emanuel-defends-his-early-policing-decisions-100729 |title=Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel is defending his decision in the first days of his administration to disband anti-gang units like the Mobile Strike Force | WBEZ 91.5 Chicago |website=Wbez.org |date=July 9, 2012 |access-date=December 17, 2015 |archive-date=December 11, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211143525/http://www.wbez.org/emanuel-defends-his-early-policing-decisions-100729 |url-status=dead }}{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/9400468/Terrorised-Chicago-residents-plead-for-police-crackdown-as-gang-war-murders-soar.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/9400468/Terrorised-Chicago-residents-plead-for-police-crackdown-as-gang-war-murders-soar.html |archive-date=January 12, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Terrorised Chicago residents plead for police crackdown as gang war murders soar |work=Telegraph |date=July 15, 2012 |access-date=December 17, 2015}}{{cbignore}}

As many as 70 active and inactive Chicago street gangs with 753 factions have been identified.{{cite news|url=http://chicagoganghistory.com/gangs/ |title=Chicago Street Gangs |website=Chicago Gang History |access-date=December 6, 2016 }}{{cite web |url=https://www.uic.edu/orgs/kbc/maps/Gangstoday.html |title=Gang Areas in Chicago |website=Uic.edu |access-date=December 17, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301164228/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/kbc/maps/Gangstoday.html |archive-date=March 1, 2016 }} Some of the gangs that contribute most of the crime on the streets of Chicago:

• Gangster Disciples
• Vice Lords
• Black P. Stones
• Latin Kings
• Black Disciples
• Maniac Latin Disciples
• Spanish Cobras
• Almighty Saints
• Spanish Gangster Disciples
• Four Corner Hustlers
• Norridge Hearts

Detailed analysis of the homicides timeline by month show that homicides (of all races) went up right after Martin Luther King was killed in 1968 (still for reasons unknown). However, Hispanic-on-Hispanic homicides, did not notably start until the summer of 1971, due to the Latin Kings gang election meetings.{{cite web|url=http://www.nealirc.org/Chicago/LatinKingsElection.html |title=Latin Kings 1971–72 Election Meetings |access-date=October 3, 2019}} However, this claim can't be immediately proven, as homicides by race are not made public for those time periods.

{{Main|Political history of Chicago#Corruption}}

Chicago has a long history of public corruption that regularly draws the attention of federal law enforcement and federal prosecutors.{{Cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2012-02-24-ct-met-aldermen-convicted-0224-20120224-story.html|title=Chicago's 'hall of shame'|website=Chicago Tribune |date=February 24, 2012 |access-date=June 20, 2020}} Chicago's political landscape has been firmly under the control of the Democratic Party for over 85 years and has been widely described as a political machine.{{Cite news|url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/December-2010/Why-Is-Illinois-So-Corrupt-Local-Government-Experts-Explain/|title=Why Is Illinois So Corrupt?}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2015/06/13/414149719/chicago-democrats-make-appeal-to-republican-candidates|title=Chicago Democrats Make Appeal To Republican Candidates|website=NPR}}{{cite web|url=http://southside.uchicago.edu/History/Politics.html|title=Politics}}{{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/774.html|title=Machine Politics}} In the 1980s, the FBI's Operation Greylord uncovered massive and systemic corruption in Chicago's judicial system. Greylord was the longest and most successful undercover operation in the history of the FBI, and resulted in 92 federal indictments, including 17 judges, 48 lawyers, eight policemen, ten deputy sheriffs, eight court officials, and one state legislator. Nearly all were convicted on a variety of charges including bribery, kickbacks, fraud, vote buying, racketeering, and drug trafficking.{{cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2004/march/greylord_031504 |title=FBI — Operation Greylord |website=Fbi.gov |access-date=December 17, 2015}}{{cite web|author=Thomas J. Gradel and Dick Simpson |url=http://www.press.uillinois.edu/books/catalog/78ndq5ty9780252078552.html |title=UI Press | Thomas J. Gradel and Dick Simpson | Corrupt Illinois: Patronage, Cronyism, and Criminality |website=Press.uillinois.edu |access-date=December 17, 2015}}{{cite book|last1=Hake|first1=Terrence|title=Operation Greylord: The True Story of an Untrained Undercover Agent and America's Biggest Corruption Bust|date=August 7, 2015|publisher=Ankerwycke|isbn=978-1627229197|page=350|edition=1st}}

The late 1980s and 1990s saw further efforts by the FBI to prosecute Chicago's public crime syndicates. Operation Incubator obtained about a dozen convictions or guilty pleas, including those from five members of the City Council and an aide to former Mayor Harold Washington.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/20/us/5-indicted-in-latest-inquiry-into-corruption-in-chicago.html |title=5 Indicted in Latest Inquiry Into Corruption in Chicago |website=NY Times|date=December 20, 1990 |access-date=December 17, 2015}} Later Operation Gambat brought a wide range of charges against a Chicago judge, a state senator, an alderman, and two others relating to corruption in the Cook County Circuit Court, the Illinois Senate, and the Chicago City Council. Four were convicted and a fifth died during trial.{{cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/chicago/about-us/history/history |title=FBI — History |website=Fbi.gov |access-date=December 17, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222092835/https://www.fbi.gov/chicago/about-us/history/history |archive-date=December 22, 2015 }} The most extensive operation by the FBI of the 1990s, Operation Silver Shovel, sought to uncover corruption within Chicago labor unions, organized crime, and other city government officials. Operation Silver Shovel resulted in the conviction of six Chicago aldermen and a dozen other local officials on a wide range of corruption related charges.{{cite web|url=http://chicago.fbi.gov/silvershovel/silvershovel.htm |title=FBI Major Investigation – Operation Silver Shovel |date=October 11, 2008 |access-date=December 17, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721195950/http://chicago.fbi.gov/silvershovel/silvershovel.htm |archive-date=July 21, 2009 }}{{Cite news|url= https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2000-03-17-0003310005-story.html|title=Operation Silver Shovel Mole Sentenced|website=Chicago Tribune |date=March 17, 2000 |access-date=June 20, 2020}}

From 2012 to 2019, 33 Chicago aldermen were convicted on corruption charges, roughly one third of those elected in the time period. A report from the Office of the Legislative Inspector General noted that over half of Chicago's elected alderman took illegal campaign contributions in 2013.{{cite web |author=Austin Berg |url=http://www.chicagonow.com/city-limits/2015/11/more-than-half-of-chicago-aldermen-took-illegal-campaign-cash-in-2013/ |title=More than half of Chicago aldermen took illegal campaign cash in 2013 | City Limits |website=Chicagonow.com |date=November 16, 2015 |access-date=December 17, 2015 |archive-date=May 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170527150531/http://www.chicagonow.com/city-limits/2015/11/more-than-half-of-chicago-aldermen-took-illegal-campaign-cash-in-2013/ |url-status=dead }} In 2015, mayor appointed Barbara Byrd-Bennett, the CEO of Chicago Public Schools, was convicted in a $23 million kickback scheme and was sentenced to seven and a half years in prison.{{Cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-barbara-byrd-bennett-plea-met-1013-20151012-story.html |title=Ex-CPS chief Barbara Byrd-Bennett pleads guilty, tearfully apologizes to students |work=Chicago Tribune |date=October 14, 2015 |access-date=December 17, 2015}} In addition to the Bennett conviction, a joint investigative report issued by the Office of the Inspector General and federal authorities documented widespread corruption within Chicago Public Schools in 2015. The audit noted the criminal shakedown of a CPS vendor, a records forgery scheme by a principal, numerous instances of employees abusing CPS's tax-exempt status to purchase personal items at big-box retailers, illegally using taxpayer-funded resources to campaign for political causes and stealing from taxpayer-funded accounts intended for purchasing student materials.{{cite web|url=https://www.heartland.org/sites/default/files/cps_oig_fy_2015_annual_report.pdf |title=Annual Report FY 2015 |publisher=Office of the Inspector General, Chicago Board of Education |access-date=March 10, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311035608/https://www.heartland.org/sites/default/files/cps_oig_fy_2015_annual_report.pdf |archive-date=March 11, 2016 }}

A 2015 report released by the University of Illinois at Chicago's political science department declared Chicago the "corruption capital of America", citing that the Chicago-based Federal Judicial District for Northern Illinois reported 45 public corruption convictions for 2013 and a total of 1,642 convictions for the 38 years since 1976 when the U.S. Department of Justice began compiling the statistics. UIC Professor and former Chicago alderman Dick Simpson noted in the report that "To end corruption, society needs to do more than convict the guys that get caught. A comprehensive anti-corruption strategy must be forged and carried out over at least a decade. A new political culture in which public corruption is no longer tolerated must be created".{{cite web |url=http://pols.uic.edu/docs/default-source/chicago_politics/anti-corruption_reports/corruption-rpt-8_final-052715.pdf?sfvrsn=0 |format=PDF |title=Chicago : Still the Capital of Corruption : Anti-Corruption Report Number 8 |website=Pols.uic.edu |access-date=December 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117070023/http://pols.uic.edu/docs/default-source/chicago_politics/anti-corruption_reports/corruption-rpt-8_final-052715.pdf?sfvrsn=0 |archive-date=November 17, 2015 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web|url=http://www.nbcchicago.com/blogs/ward-room/Report-Names-Chicago-Corruption-Capital-of-America---Again-305343521.html |title=Report Names Chicago "Corruption Capital of America"- Again |publisher=NBC Chicago |date=May 28, 2015 |access-date=December 17, 2015}}File:Chicago's New F.B.I. Headquarters.jpg

Examples of other high-profile Chicago political figures convicted on corruption related charges include Rod Blagojevich, Jesse Jackson Jr., Isaac Carothers, Arenda Troutman, Edward Vrdolyak, Otto Kerner, Jr., Constance Howard, Fred Roti and Dan Rostenkowski.

In October 2015, the FBI announced that Michael Anderson would take over for a retiring Robert Holley as Special Agent in Charge of the Chicago Bureau. Anderson, a corruption veteran who wrote the FBI Public Corruption Field Guide, called Chicago "target rich" for cases in an interview with the Chicago Tribune. Anderson commands a team of 850 agents in Chicago along with analysts and support staff.{{Cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-new-fbi-boss-chicago-met-20151006-story.html |title=New Chicago FBI chief: City 'target rich' for corruption probes |work=Chicago Tribune |date=October 7, 2015 |access-date=December 17, 2015}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-chicago-fbi-boss-named-met-20150921-story.html |title=New FBI boss in Chicago a public corruption veteran |work=Chicago Tribune |date=September 21, 2015 |access-date=December 17, 2015}}

Most corruption cases in Chicago are prosecuted by the US Attorney's office, as legal jurisdiction makes most offenses punishable as a federal crime.{{cite web|url=https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndil|title=Northern District of Illinois – Department of Justice|date=November 13, 2014}} The current US Attorney for the Northern district of Illinois is Zachary T. Fardon.{{cite web|url=https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndil/meet-us-attorney|title=Meet the U.S. Attorney – USAO-NDIL – Department of Justice|date=July 23, 2015}} In a press conference in January 2016, in the wake of the conviction of former Chicago City Hall official, John Bills, for taking $2 million in bribes, Fardon commented "Public corruption [in Chicago] is a disease and where public officials violate the public trust, we have to hold them accountable. And I do believe that by doing so, it sends a deterrent message."{{Cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/watchdog/redlight/ct-red-light-cameras-trial-verdict-20160126-story.html|title=Ex-city official convicted on 20 counts in red light cameras trial|first=Chicago|last=Tribune|website=Chicago Tribune|date=January 26, 2016 }}{{Cite news|url=http://abc7chicago.com/traffic/ex-cdot-official-found-guilty-in-red-light-camera-bribes-trial/1174586/|title=Ex-CDOT official found guilty in red-light camera bribes trial|first=Leah|last=Hope|date=January 26, 2016}}

{{Main|Chicago Police Department}}

During the Progressive Era, the first juvenile system was created by Chicago officials and, to make the court system more organized and specific, specialized courts, like those for domestic disputes, were created.{{Cite journal|last=Adler|first=J. S.|date=September 1, 2006|title="It Is His First Offense. We Might As Well Let Him Go": Homicide and Criminal Justice in Chicago, 1875–1920|journal=Journal of Social History|volume=40|issue=1|pages=5–6|doi=10.1353/jsh.2006.0067|s2cid=144642693|issn=0022-4529}} Not only did the court and corrections systems change, there was also a change in policing. Divisions and squads became specialized on particular types of crime. The courts began to incorporate specialists, like scientists and psychologists, to make the trial and evidence more reliable and trustworthy. File:Chicago Police insignia.jpg

Chicago was among the first U.S. cities to create an integrated emergency-response center to coordinate the response to natural disasters, gang violence, and terrorist attacks. Built in 1995, the center is integrated with more than 2,000 cameras, communications with all levels of city government, and a direct link to the National Counterterrorism Center. Police credited surveillance cameras with contributing to decreased crime in 2004.{{cite web|author=Jim McKay |url=http://www.govtech.com/public-safety/Triggered-Response.html |title=Triggered Response |website=Govtech.com |date=December 8, 2005 |access-date=December 17, 2015}}

File:Chicago Police Camera b.jpg

In 2003, the Chicago Police Department began installing POD's (Police Observation Devices) in high-crime areas. The cameras are able to rotate 360 degrees and zoom to a fine level of detail. The devices are also bulletproof, operable in any weather condition, record continuously and switch into night-vision mode after dark. POD's are used to monitor street crime and direct police deployment. Data from the cameras is wirelessly transmitted to the Chicago Crime Prevention and Information Center (CPIC) which can individually control any camera.[https://portal.chicagopolice.org/portal/page/portal/ClearPath/About%20CPD/POD%20Program] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222095240/https://portal.chicagopolice.org/portal/page/portal/ClearPath/About%20CPD/POD%20Program|date=December 22, 2015}}{{cite web |url=http://directives.chicagopolice.org/lt2015/data/a7a57bf0-13ed7140-08513-ed71-4cecd9c378c05dec.html |title=Crime Prevention and Information Center (CPIC) |website=Directives.chicagopolice.org |access-date=December 17, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222094402/http://directives.chicagopolice.org/lt2015/data/a7a57bf0-13ed7140-08513-ed71-4cecd9c378c05dec.html |archive-date=December 22, 2015 }} Over 20,000 cameras currently operate in Chicago. In addition to PODs, colloquially referred to as "blue-light cameras", the city has added general surveillance cameras to CTA stations, buses, Chicago Housing Authority buildings, public buildings and schools.{{cite web |url=http://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20130509/chicago/rahm-boosts-number-of-security-cameras-frightening-number-aclu |title=Number of Chicago Security Cameras 'Frightening,' ACLU says|website=Dnainfo.com |date=May 9, 2013 |access-date=December 17, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222142149/http://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20130509/chicago/rahm-boosts-number-of-security-cameras-frightening-number-aclu |archive-date=December 22, 2015 }} This has prompted harsh criticism from privacy advocates and the ACLU who called the program "A pervasive and poorly regulated threat to our privacy".{{cite journal|author=Adam Schwartz |url=http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njtip/vol11/iss2/4/ |title="Chicago's Video Surveillance Cameras: A Pervasive and Poorly Regulated" by Adam Schwartz |journal=Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property |date=January 5, 2013 |volume=11 |issue=2 |page=47 |access-date=December 17, 2015}}

The Chicago Police Department has also been criticized for its liberal use of the controversial "stop-and-frisk" policy.{{cite web|url=https://www.aclu.org/news/chicago-leads-new-york-city-use-stop-and-frisk-police-new-study-finds|title=Chicago leads New York City in use of stop-and-frisk by police, new study finds}} For decades, the policy gave officers much more autonomy to conduct stops and pat-downs if there exists a reasonable suspicion that a suspect might be armed and dangerous.{{cite web|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/stop_and_frisk|title=Stop and frisk|first=John C|last=Busby|date=September 18, 2009}} The ACLU has claimed that the policy unfairly targets African Americans, who accounted for nearly 75% of those stopped in 2014, even though they account for a third of the city's population.{{cite web |url=http://www.aclu-il.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ACLU_StopandFrisk_6.pdf |title=Stop and Frisk in Chicago |publisher=ACLU of Illinois |date=March 2015 |access-date=January 15, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060654/http://www.aclu-il.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ACLU_StopandFrisk_6.pdf |archive-date=March 4, 2016 }} The Chicago Police Department confiscated almost 7,000 firearms in 2014, about 583 per month.{{Cite news |url=http://chicago.suntimes.com/news/7/71/1025980/watchdogs-gun-seizures-chicago-tops-u-s-doubts-police-hurt-prosecutions |title=THE WATCHDOGS: Chicago gun seizures tops in U.S., but doubts about police hurt prosecutions | Chicago Sun-Times |access-date=January 15, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222180247/http://chicago.suntimes.com/news/7/71/1025980/watchdogs-gun-seizures-chicago-tops-u-s-doubts-police-hurt-prosecutions |archive-date=December 22, 2015 }} The stop-and-frisk policy was largely abandoned by CPD in early 2016.{{Cite news|url=http://abc7chicago.com/news/cpd-stop-and-frisks-down-80-percent-in-2016/1182604/|title=CPD "stop and frisks" down 80 percent in 2016|first=Chuck|last=Goudie|date=February 2, 2016}}

Because the Chicago Police Department tallies data differently than police in other cities, the FBI often does not accept its crime statistics {{citation needed|date=October 2021}}. Chicago police officers record all criminal sexual assaults, as opposed to only rape {{citation needed|date=October 2021}}. They count aggravated battery together with the standard category of aggravated assault {{citation needed|date=October 2021}}. As a result, Chicago is often omitted from studies such as Morgan Quitno's annual "Safest/Most Dangerous City" survey, which relies on FBI-collected data.Locy, Toni (6/7/2005). [https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-06-06-crime-drop_x.htm?POE=NEWISVA Murder, violence rates fall, FBI says]. USA Today.

The Chicago Police Department's CLEAR (Citizen Law Enforcement Analysis and Reporting) system is a web application enabling the public to search the Chicago Police Department's database of reported crime. Individuals are able to see maps, graphs, and tables of reported crime. The database contains 90 days of information, which can be accessed in blocks of up to 14 days. Data is refreshed daily. However, the most recent information is always six days old.

The police use "guardian-like" intervention, a method relying on information from an individual's criminal history in order to predict the likelihood of becoming a victim or perpetrator of violence, to "build public trust and legitimacy."{{cite web | url=https://medium.com/backchannel/arresting-crime-before-it-happens-6cc8ad24d0e3#.t4avbw627 | title=Arresting Crime Before It Happens | publisher=BackChannel | date=November 25, 2015 | access-date=November 28, 2015 | author=Crawford, Susan | archive-date=November 26, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126100433/https://medium.com/backchannel/arresting-crime-before-it-happens-6cc8ad24d0e3#.t4avbw627 | url-status=dead }}

CPD tallied 22 police-involved shootings in 2015, eight of which resulted in fatalities.{{Cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-chicago-police-shootings-2015-met-20160101-story.html|title=Chicago police shot fewer people in 2015|work=Chicago Tribune|date=January 2, 2016 }} Fatality cases involving an African American perpetrator often gave rise to a media sensation, both in Chicago and elsewhere.{{Cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-chicago-police-violence-2015-met1-20160101-story.html|title=Chicago violence, homicides and shootings up in 2015|work=Chicago Tribune|date=January 2, 2016 }} In December 2015, the US Department of Justice opened a civil rights investigation of the Chicago Police Department in the aftermath of the Laquan McDonald case. The "pattern and practice" probe evaluated the use of force, deadly force, accountability and tracking procedures of the department. A 190-page report issued in April 2016 deemed the Chicago Police Department a racist organization. Chairman of the Chicago Fraternal Order of Police, Dean Angelo called the report "totally biased" and "utterly ridiculous".{{Cite news|url=http://chicago.suntimes.com/politics/police-union-low-morale-will-crater-following-biased-report/|title=Police union: Low morale will crater following 'biased' report|access-date=April 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611185259/http://chicago.suntimes.com/politics/police-union-low-morale-will-crater-following-biased-report/|archive-date=June 11, 2016|url-status=dead}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/columnists/kass/ct-rahm-emanuel-police-kass-0417-20160415-column.html|title=Report on Chicago police exposes racism, politics in a city of tribes|first=Chicago|last=Tribune|website=Chicago Tribune|date=April 16, 2016 }}{{Cite news|last=Castillejo |first=Esther |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/department-justice-investigate-chicago-police-department/story?id=35622689 |title=Department of Justice to Investigate Chicago Police in Wake of Laquan McDonald Casepublisher=ABC News|website=ABC News |date=December 7, 2015 |access-date=December 17, 2015}}{{cite news|last=McLaughlin |first=Eliott C. |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/07/us/chicago-police-justice-department-laquan-mcdonald-investigation/ |title=Chicago police investigated by Justice Department |publisher=CNN |date=December 7, 2015 |access-date=December 17, 2015}}

2016's surge in murders and shootings, coupled with a decline in gun seizures, led former Police Superintendent John Escalante to express concerns in March 2016 that officers might be hesitant to engage in proactive policing due to fear of retribution. Officers anonymously reported to the Chicago Sun-Times that they have been afraid to make investigatory stops because the Justice Department and American Civil Liberties Union of Illinois have been scrutinizing police practices. Data of the supposed pullback was reflected with an 80 percent decrease in the number of street stops that officers made since the beginning of 2016. Dean Angelo has claimed that part of the problem is politicians and groups like the ACLU who don't know much about policing, and yet are "dictating what police officers do".{{Cite news|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/us/articles/2016-03-01/police-homicides-rise-in-chicago-illegal-gun-seizures-fall|title=Homicides and shootings have doubled in Chicago so far this year compared with the same period in 2015}}{{Cite news|url=http://chicago.suntimes.com/news/police-brass-facing-horrible-homicide-numbers-at-last-see-frontline-response/|title=Police brass, facing horrible homicide numbers, at last see frontline response|access-date=March 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306070741/http://chicago.suntimes.com/news/police-brass-facing-horrible-homicide-numbers-at-last-see-frontline-response/|archive-date=March 6, 2016|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20160115/englewood/decline-chicago-police-stops-signal-bigger-problem-than-more-paperwork|title=Decline In Chicago Police Stops Signal Bigger Problem Than More Paperwork|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403221749/https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20160115/englewood/decline-chicago-police-stops-signal-bigger-problem-than-more-paperwork|archive-date=April 3, 2016}}

Professors Paul Cassell and Richard Fowles at the University of Utah later analyzed the 2016 Chicago homicide "spike" and concluded that the most likely cause was a consent decree entered into by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) with the Chicago Police Department restricting stop and frisks. Cassell and Fowles concluded that 239 additional victims were killed and 1129 additional shootings occurred in 2016 because of the reduction in stop and frisks.[https://illinoislawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Cassell.Fowles.pdf What Caused the 2016 Chicago Homicide Spike? An Empirical Examination of the ACLU Effect" and the Role of Stop and Frisks in Preventing Gun Violence] This study, however, failed to identify such spikes in the large number of other cities subject to similar consent decrees,{{Cite news |title=Analysis {{!}} Jeff Sessions's claim that an ACLU settlement with Chicago caused murders to spike |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2018/05/14/jeff-sessionss-claim-that-an-aclu-settlement-with-chicago-caused-murders-to-spike/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |issn=0190-8286}} leading to questions about whether they had really identified a causal relationship.

In 2014 and 2015, Chicago Magazine and The Economist conducted investigations into the CompStat data reporting of crime statistics for the city and reported irregularities. In addition, an audit conducted by Chicago's Office of the Inspector General found significant problems in the accuracy of CPD's crime data.

According to Chicago Magazine, superiors often pressure officers to under-report crime. An unnamed police source quoted in the magazine says there are "a million tiny ways to do it", such as misclassifying and downgrading offenses, counting multiple incidents as single events, and discouraging residents from reporting crime. The police department has responded that their statistics are generally accurate and that the discrepancies can be explained by differences in the Uniform Crime Reporting used by the FBI and CompStat.{{Cite news |last=Bernstein |first=David |url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/May-2014/Chicago-crime-rates/ |title=The Truth About Chicago's Crime Rates | Chicago magazine | May 2014 |website=Chicagomag.com |date=April 7, 2014 |access-date=December 17, 2015 |archive-date=December 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217094153/http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/May-2014/Chicago-crime-rates/ |url-status=dead }}{{Cite news|last=Bernstein |first=David |url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/June-2014/Chicago-crime-statistics/ |title=The Truth About Chicago's Crime Rates: Part 2 | Chicago magazine | June 2014 |website=Chicagomag.com |date=May 19, 2014 |access-date=December 17, 2015}}{{cite web |url=https://chicagoinspectorgeneral.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/OIG-Crime-Stats-Audit.pdf |title=CHICAGO POLICE DEPARTMENT : ASSAULT-RELATED CRIME STATISTICS CLASSIFICATION AND REPORTING AUDIT 2011 |website=Chicagoinspectorgeneral.org |access-date=December 17, 2015 |archive-date=February 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160212215101/http://chicagoinspectorgeneral.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/OIG-Crime-Stats-Audit.pdf |url-status=dead }}{{cite web|last=Bernstein |first=David |url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/June-2015/Chicago-crime-stats/ |title=New Tricks | Chicago magazine | June 2015 |website=Chicagomag.com |date=May 11, 2015 |access-date=December 17, 2015}}{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2014/05/crime-statistics-chicago |title=Crime statistics in Chicago: Deceptive numbers |newspaper=The Economist |date=May 22, 2014 |access-date=December 17, 2015}}

The city of Chicago has one of the highest homicide rates among large cities. Despite generally strict gun laws compared to neighboring areas, there are still many illegal guns in Chicago. It is estimated that 80% of homicides in Chicago are committed with firearms.{{Cite news |last=Ludwig |first=Jens |date=April 2, 2021 |title=Data Points: Illegal gun carrying in Chicago spiked in 2020 — and deadly violence followed |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/opinion/commentary/ct-opinion-data-points-gun-carrying-crime-lab-20210403-5iz6blr6urhlji7hxwyjwrnhc4-htmlstory.html |access-date=2021-07-16 |website=chicagotribune.com}}

Chicago passed a citywide handgun ban in 1982 that was in effect until a decision in McDonald v. City of Chicago by the Supreme Court of the United States in 2008. Chicago has a ban on guns designated as "assault weapons" and laser sights.{{Cite web|title=ARTICLE II. POSSESSION OF FIREARMS (8-20-020 et seq.))|url=https://codelibrary.amlegal.com/codes/chicago/latest/chicago_il/0-0-0-2485841|access-date=2021-07-16|website=American Legal Publishing Corporation|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|title=Assault Weapons - City Ordinances|url=http://directives.chicagopolice.org/directives/data/a7a57bf0-12dc41eb-af712-dc46-923815c7c3b2a231.html|access-date=2021-07-16|website=directives.chicagopolice.org|archive-date=November 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112031810/http://directives.chicagopolice.org/directives/data/a7a57bf0-12dc41eb-af712-dc46-923815c7c3b2a231.html|url-status=dead}} Additionally, under Illinois law, to own a firearm one must possess a firearms owners’ identification (FOID) card, undergo a background check, and wait 72 hours before taking possession of a purchased firearm.{{Cite web|title=Illinois General Assembly - Bill Status for HB4392|url=https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocTypeID=HB&DocNum=4392&GAID=15&SessionID=108&LegID=123715|access-date=2021-07-16|website=www.ilga.gov}}{{Cite web|title=PUBLIC SAFETY(430 ILCS 65/) Firearm Owners Identification Card Act.|url=https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=1657&ChapterID=39|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101115947/http://ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=1657&ChapterID=39 |archive-date=November 1, 2011 }} Lost or stolen guns must also be reported to law enforcement within 72 hours.{{Cite web|title=Illinois General Assembly - Illinois Compiled Statutes|url=https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/fulltext.asp?DocName=072000050K24-4.1|access-date=2021-07-16|website=www.ilga.gov}} There are currently no gun stores within Chicago city limits and Federal firearms laws already make it illegal to buy firearms out of state without an FFL transfer and background check from that state. Access to guns is likely occurring via neighboring Indiana, a state with lax gun laws, and the many other areas through already illegal straw purchases.{{Cite web|date=2018-08-14|title=Where Do Guns Used to Commit Shootings in Chicago Come From?|url=https://robinkelly.house.gov/media-center/in-the-news/where-do-guns-used-commit-shootings-chicago-come|access-date=2021-07-16|website=Congresswoman Robin Kelly|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719075752/https://robinkelly.house.gov/media-center/in-the-news/where-do-guns-used-commit-shootings-chicago-come |archive-date=July 19, 2023}}

About 7000 guns are recovered by Chicago police each year at crime scenes. An estimated 45% of these guns are bought by straw buyers in states with lax gun laws, namely Indiana.{{Cite web|date=October 2017|title=Gun Trace Report: City of Chicago, Office of the Mayor, Chicago Police Department|url=https://www.chicago.gov/content/dam/city/depts/mayor/Press%20Room/Press%20Releases/2017/October/GTR2017.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517181045/https://www.chicago.gov/content/dam/city/depts/mayor/Press%20Room/Press%20Releases/2017/October/GTR2017.pdf |archive-date=May 17, 2019 }} In April 2021, the City of Chicago filed a lawsuit against Westforth Sports of Gary, Indiana, alleging that it consistently ranks as one of the highest suppliers of guns used in crimes. The city claims that during the period from 2009 to 2016, 850 recovered guns were originally purchased from Westforth Sports.{{Cite web|title=Chicago Sues Westforth Sports for Illegal Gun Sales|url=https://everytownlaw.org/case/chicago-sues-westforth-sports-for-illegal-gun-sale/|access-date=2021-07-16|website=Everytown Law|language=en-us}}

• Gangs in Chicago
• Chuck's Gun Shop & Range
• Kids Off The Block
• Crime in Illinois
• Race and crime in the United States

{{Reflist|30em}}

• {{Cite book | author=Lesy, Michael | year=2007 | title=Murder City: The Bloody History of Chicago in the Twenties | publisher=W. W. Norton | isbn=978-0393060300 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/murdercitybloody0000lesy }}
• Hagedorn, John and Brigid Rauch. "[http://uar.sagepub.com/content/42/4/435.short Housing, Gangs, and Homicide What We Can Learn from Chicago]." Urban Affairs Review. March 2007 vol. 42 no. 4 435–456. doi:10.1177/1078087406294435.

• [http://www.chicagopolice.org/ Chicago Police Department]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20071012040537/http://gis.chicagopolice.org/CLEARMap_crime_sums/startPage.htm CPD crime map generator]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070609122443/http://www.chicagocrime.org/ ChicagoCrime.org]
• [http://Chicago.LGrace.com Chicago homicide map generator]
• [http://www.spotcrime.com/il/chicago Online Crime Map of Chicago]- SpotCrime.com
• [http://www.nealirc.org/Chicago/Raids.html Table of Chicago gang raids by Chicago police and federal police]
• [https://chicagomorningstar.com/tag/crime Crimes in Chicago and Illinois]

{{Organized crime groups in Chicago}}

{{Chicago}}

Chicago