cytolysis

{{Short description|Bursting of cells}}

{{Infobox medical condition

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|image = Blausen 0684 OsmoticFlow Hypotonic.png

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|caption = A red blood cell in a hypotonic solution, causing water to move into the cell.

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|specialty = Cell biology

|symptoms =

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|onset =

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|causes = Osmosis

|risks =

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{{one source|date=June 2008}}

Image:Osmotic pressure on blood cells diagram.svg

File:Human Erythrocytes OsmoticPressure PhaseContrast Plain.svg

File:White blood cell undergoing cytolysis, 2014-10-18.webm

Cytolysis, or osmotic lysis, occurs when a cell bursts due to an osmotic imbalance that has caused excess water to diffuse into the cell. Water can enter the cell by diffusion through the cell membrane or through selective membrane channels called aquaporins, which greatly facilitate the flow of water.{{cite book|last1=Alberts|first1=Bruce|title=Essential Cell Biology|date=2014|publisher=Garland Science|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0-8153-4454-4|page=388|edition=4th}} It occurs in a hypotonic environment, where water moves into the cell by osmosis and causes its volume to increase to the point where the volume exceeds the membrane's capacity and the cell bursts. The presence of a cell wall prevents the membrane from bursting, so cytolysis only occurs in animal and protozoa cells which do not have cell walls. The reverse process is plasmolysis.

In bacteria

Osmotic lysis would be expected to occur when bacterial cells are treated with a hypotonic solution with added lysozyme, which destroys the bacteria's cell walls.

Prevention

Different cells and organisms have adapted different ways of preventing cytolysis from occurring. For example, the paramecium uses a contractile vacuole, which rapidly pumps out excessive water to prevent the build-up of water and the otherwise subsequent lysis.{{Cite book|

title=Biology|

last1=Campbell|

last2=Reece|

last3=Urry|

last4=Cain|

last5=Wasserman|

last6=Minorsky|

last7=Jackson|

first1=Neil A.|

first2=Jane B.|

first3=Lisa A.|

first4=Michael L.|

first5=Steven A.|

first6=Peter V.|

first7=Robert B.|

edition=9th|

isbn=9780321558237|

page=[https://archive.org/details/campbellbiologyj00reec/page/134 134]|

year=2009|

url-access=registration|

url=https://archive.org/details/campbellbiologyj00reec/page/134}}

See also

References

{{reflist}}

  • {{cite book

| last =McClendon

| first =Jesse Francis

| title =Physical Chemistry of Vital Phenomena

| publisher =Princeton University Press

| year =1917

| location =University of California

| url =https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_BZUaAAAAIAAJ

| doi =

| page =[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_BZUaAAAAIAAJ/page/n243 240] }}

Category:Cell biology

Category:Membrane biology

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