daramba

Daramba is a Visayan term referring to paddling and fighting platforms mounted directly on the outriggers (katig) of traditional large trimaran warships (balangay) of the Philippines. They accommodated one or more rows on each side of commoner warriors (horo-han) with large leaf-shaped paddles (bugsay) during travel, naval warfare, and seasonal coastal raids (mangayaw). The paddlers were kept in rhythm by various chants and songs. The platforms for the horo-han are distinguished from the side-mounted fighting platforms (pagguray) of the warrior-nobility (the timawa and tumao), which were also built on the outriggers, in that the daramba was mounted on or near the water surface, while the pagguray was mounted above, closer to the hull.{{cite web|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/scitech/content/222283/the-world-of-amaya-unleashing-the-karakoa/story/|title=The World of Amaya: Unleashing the Karakoa|author=Patricia Calzo Vega|date=1 June 2011|publisher=GMA News Online|access-date=4 May 2018}}{{cite book|editor =Emma Helen Blair & James Alexander Robertson|title = The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898|year =1906|url =http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/15157/pg15157-images.html}}{{Cite journal |last=Scott |first=William Henry |date=1982 |title=Boat-Building and Seamanship in Classic Philippine Society |url=http://www.philippinestudies.net/files/journals/1/articles/1696/public/1696-3504-1-PB.pdf |journal=Philippine Studies |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=335–376 |jstor=42632616}}{{cite thesis |url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/421115/1/LIBRARY_COPY_Final_version_THESIS.pdf|last=Stead |first=Martin Roderick |date=2018 |title=Defining the Construction Characteristics of Indigenous Boats of the Philippines: The Impact of Technical Change Pre and Post Colonisation |publisher=University of Southampton|type=MPhil}}{{cite book |last1=de Méntrida |first1=Alonso |title=Vocavulario de Lengua Bisaya, Hiligaina y Haraya de la Isla de Panay Y Sugbu y Para Las Demás Islas |date=1637 |url=http://www.traduccion-agustinos.uva.es/investigacion/textos/mentrida.pdf |access-date=2022-05-24 |archive-date=2021-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803052521/http://www.traduccion-agustinos.uva.es/investigacion/textos/mentrida.pdf |url-status=dead }}

File:Caracoa (Karakoa).jpg|18th-century engraving of a {{lang|ceb|karakoa}} from The Discovery and Conquest of the Molucco and Philippine Islands (1711) by Bartolomé Leonardo de Argensola, showing two pairs of daramba on each side{{cite book|author= Bartolomé Leonardo de Argensola|editor =John Stevens|title =A New Collection of Voyages and Travels, into several Parts of the World, none of them ever before Printed in English|chapter =The Discovery and Conquest of the Molucco and Philippine Islands.|year =1711|page=61|chapter-url =https://archive.org/stream/anewcollectionv00collgoog#page/n12/mode/2up}}

File:Ulipon - Philippines (c.1668).jpg|An illustration from Historia de las Islas e Indios de Bisayas depicting a tattooed Visayan horo-han (commoner warrior) with a leaf-shaped paddle ({{lang|ceb|bugsay}}).