declaration of 1 November 1954

{{Main|Algerian nationalism}}

{{See also|Algerian People's Party|Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties|Revolutionary Committee of Unity and Action}}

When the Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties (MTLD) organized its congress in April 1953, the independence option was decided, but the date for the hasty announcement of the insurrection had not yet been set.{{Cite web |url=https://www.aps.dz/algerie/112066-el-korso-a-revolution-du-1er-novembre-1954-un-affront-pour-la-france-orgueilleuse |title=La Révolution du 1er novembre 1954, un affront pour la France orgueilleuse |access-date=2021-03-06 |archive-date=2022-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705190639/https://www.aps.dz/algerie/112066-el-korso-a-revolution-du-1er-novembre-1954-un-affront-pour-la-france-orgueilleuse |url-status=live }}{{Cite web|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/horizons/3341|title=Selon les historiens : "L'appel du 1er Novembre 1954, un document politique essentiel"|website=Djazairess}}{{Cite journal|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/camed_0395-9317_1983_num_26_1_937|title=La différenciation entre le F.L.N. et le courant messaliste (été 1954-décembre 1955)|first=Benjamin|last=Stora|date=March 6, 1983|journal=Cahiers de la Méditerranée|volume=26|issue=1|pages=15–82|via=www.persee.fr|doi=10.3406/camed.1983.937|access-date=March 6, 2021|archive-date=July 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705193654/https://www.persee.fr/doc/camed_0395-9317_1983_num_26_1_937|url-status=live}}

It was journalist Mohamed Aïchaoui who was entrusted with the task of writing the revolutionary declaration under the supervision of the two leaders Mohamed Boudiaf and Mourad Didouche of the Group of Six.{{Cite web |url=https://www.aps.dz/algerie/96630-declaration-du-1er-novembre-54-un-document-fondateur-qui-n-a-pas-eu-l-interet-qu-il-merite |title=Déclaration du 1er novembre 54, un document fondateur |access-date=2021-03-06 |archive-date=2022-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705191605/https://www.aps.dz/algerie/96630-declaration-du-1er-novembre-54-un-document-fondateur-qui-n-a-pas-eu-l-interet-qu-il-merite |url-status=live }}{{Cite web|url=https://www.liberte-algerie.com/contribution/1er-novembre-1954-ses-vrais-initiateurs-et-les-autres-235675|title=1er Novembre 1954 : ses vrais initiateurs et… les autres: Toute l'actualité sur liberte-algerie.com|website=www.liberte-algerie.com/|access-date=2021-03-06|archive-date=2017-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924093629/http://www.liberte-algerie.com/contribution/1er-novembre-1954-ses-vrais-initiateurs-et-les-autres-235675|url-status=dead}}

The leaflets for this proclamation were drawn in the house of activist Ali Zamoum located in the village of Ighil Imoula in Great Kabylia.{{Cite web|url=https://www.elwatan.com/edition/contributions/ighil-imoula-lieu-dimpression-de-la-proclamation-du-1er-novembre-1954-26-10-2014|title=Ighil Imoula : Lieu d'impression de la proclamation du 1er Novembre 1954 | El Watan}}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Cite web|url=https://aleph-alger2.edinum.org/754|title=Naissance d'un texte fondateur1 La Proclamation du Premier novembre 1954|first=Hacène|last=Arab|date=June 30, 2015|website=aleph-alger2.edinum.org:443|access-date=March 6, 2021|archive-date=October 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024025221/https://aleph-alger2.edinum.org/754|url-status=live}}

These sheets were then put in briefcases and suitcases to be sent to their destinations in Algeria and abroad.{{Cite web|url=https://www.elwatan.com/edition/contributions/a-lorigine-du-1er-novembre-1954-levenement-fondateur-de-la-republique-ses-vrais-initiateurs-ses-faits-darmes-01-11-2020|title=A l'origine du 1er Novembre 1954, l'événement fondateur de la République : Ses vrais initiateurs, ses faits d'armes | El Watan|access-date=2021-03-06|archive-date=2022-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705193255/https://www.elwatan.com/edition/contributions/a-lorigine-du-1er-novembre-1954-levenement-fondateur-de-la-republique-ses-vrais-initiateurs-ses-faits-darmes-01-11-2020|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.elmoudjahid.com/fr/nation/forum-de-la-memoire-a-ighil-imoula-tizi-ouzou-les-familles-ali-mellah-et-ali-zammoum-honorees-875|title=Forum de la mémoire à Ighil Imoula (Tizi Ouzou) : Les familles Ali Mellah et Ali Zammoum honorées - Nation|website=El Moudjahid}}{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

File:Flag map of Algeria.svg]]

This declaration aimed at Algerian national independence by:{{Cite news|url=https://www.la-croix.com/Archives/2014-11-01/Guerre-d-Algerie-le-long-travail-de-memoire.-La-proclamation-du-FLN-du-1er-novembre-1954-2014-11-01-1230280|title=Guerre d'Algérie, le long travail de mémoire. La proclamation du FLN du 1er novembre 1954|newspaper=La Croix|date=November 1, 2014|via=www.la-croix.com|access-date=2021-03-06|archive-date=2022-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705192029/https://www.la-croix.com/Archives/2014-11-01/Guerre-d-Algerie-le-long-travail-de-memoire.-La-proclamation-du-FLN-du-1er-novembre-1954-2014-11-01-1230280|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/monde/afrique/la-guerre-d-algerie-1954-1962_492167.html|title=La guerre d'Algérie (1954-1962)|date=March 19, 2014|website=LExpress.fr|access-date=March 6, 2021|archive-date=March 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310111908/https://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/monde/afrique/la-guerre-d-algerie-1954-1962_492167.html|url-status=live}}

1. The restoration of the sovereign, democratic and social Algerian state within the framework of Islamic principles.{{Cite web|url=https://www.algerie360.com/forum-de-la-memoire-del-moudjahid-lecture-de-la-proclamation-du-premier-novembre-1954-un-texte-de-reference/|title=Forum de la Mémoire d'El Moudjahid , Lecture de la Proclamation du Premier Novembre 1954 : Un texte de référence - Algerie360|date=November 1, 2016|website=www.algerie360.com|access-date=March 6, 2021|archive-date=July 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705191200/https://www.algerie360.com/forum-de-la-memoire-del-moudjahid-lecture-de-la-proclamation-du-premier-novembre-1954-un-texte-de-reference/|url-status=live}}https://ouvrages.crasc.dz/pdfs/2017_fouad_soufi_1er_novembre.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031223650/https://ouvrages.crasc.dz/pdfs/2017_fouad_soufi_1er_novembre.pdf |date=2021-10-31 }} {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}
2. Respect for all fundamental freedoms without distinction of race or religion.{{Cite web|url=https://www.herodote.net/1er_novembre_1954-evenement-19541101.php|title=1er novembre 1954 - "Toussaint rouge" en Algérie - Herodote.net|website=www.herodote.net|access-date=2021-03-06|archive-date=2022-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705190634/https://www.herodote.net/1er_novembre_1954-evenement-19541101.php|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.babelmed.net/article/3815-1er-novembre-1954-declenchement-de-la-guerre-de-liberation-dans-lalgerie-coloniale/|title=EasyClap ≡ Hotspot for arts|website=www.babelmed.net|access-date=2021-03-06|archive-date=2020-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220081513/http://www.babelmed.net/article/3815-1er-novembre-1954-declenchement-de-la-guerre-de-liberation-dans-lalgerie-coloniale/|url-status=live}}

1. Political cleansing by putting the National Revolutionary Movement back on its true path and thereby annihilating all the vestiges of corruption and reformism, the cause of Algeria's current regression.{{Cite web|url=https://www.lecourrierdelatlas.com/algerie-france-er-novembre-le-debut-de-la-guerre-d-algerie-9532/|title=1er novembre 1954 : le début de la guerre d'Algérie|date=October 31, 2017|access-date=March 6, 2021|archive-date=July 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705191835/https://www.lecourrierdelatlas.com/algerie-france-er-novembre-le-debut-de-la-guerre-d-algerie-9532/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.ministerecommunication.gov.dz/fr/node/5468|title=La proclamation du 1er Novembre 1954 | Ministère de la communication|website=www.ministerecommunication.gov.dz|access-date=2021-03-06|archive-date=2022-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803232127/https://www.ministerecommunication.gov.dz/fr/node/5468|url-status=live}}
2. Gathering and organization of all the healthy energies of the Algerian people for the liquidation of the colonial system.{{Cite web|url=https://www.linternaute.fr/actualite/guide-histoire/2526196-guerre-d-algerie-resume-de-la-guerre-d-independance-1954-1962/|title=Guerre d'Algérie : résumé de la guerre d'indépendance de 1954 à 1962|first1=Charlène|last1=Vince|first2=Mis à jour le 10/11/20 09:12|last2=Linternaute.com|website=www.linternaute.fr|date=29 November 2022|access-date=6 March 2021|archive-date=17 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817073614/https://www.linternaute.fr/actualite/guide-histoire/2526196-guerre-d-algerie-resume-de-la-guerre-d-independance-1954-1962/|url-status=live}}{{cite journal | url=https://www.cairn.info/genese-de-l-algerie-algerienne--9789961966273-page-501.htm | title=Aux origines de la Toussaint 1954 | journal=Histoire du Maghreb | year=2005 | pages=501–516 | last1=Ageron | first1=Charles-Robert | isbn=978-9961-9662-7-3 | access-date=2021-03-06 | archive-date=2022-07-05 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705194040/https://www.cairn.info/genese-de-l-algerie-algerienne--9789961966273-page-501.htm | url-status=live }}

1. Internationalization of the Algerian problem.{{Cite news|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1974/11/02/la-proclamation-du-1er-novembre-1954_2529153_1819218.html|title=La proclamation du 1er novembre 1954|newspaper=Le Monde.fr|date=November 2, 1974|via=Le Monde|access-date=March 6, 2021|archive-date=July 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705190929/https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1974/11/02/la-proclamation-du-1er-novembre-1954_2529153_1819218.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.horizons.dz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=67818:proclamation-du-1er-novembre-1954-le-fondement-de-l-etat-nation&catid=94&lang=fr&Itemid=358|title=Proclamation du 1er novembre 1954 : Le fondement de l'État-nation|website=www.horizons.dz}}
2. Achievement of North African unity in its natural Arab-Islamic framework.{{Cite web |url=https://perspective.usherbrooke.ca/bilan/servlet/BMDictionnaire?iddictionnaire=1841 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2021-03-06 |archive-date=2021-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302081956/https://perspective.usherbrooke.ca/bilan/servlet/BMDictionnaire?iddictionnaire=1841 |url-status=dead }}{{Cite web|url=https://www.liberation.fr/debats/2014/11/03/il-y-a-60-ans-en-algerie-le-fln-allume-la-meche_1817078/|title=Il y a 60 ans, en Algérie, le FLN "allume la mèche"|website=Libération|access-date=2021-03-06|archive-date=2022-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705192010/https://www.liberation.fr/debats/2014/11/03/il-y-a-60-ans-en-algerie-le-fln-allume-la-meche_1817078/|url-status=live}}
3. Within the framework of the Charter of the United Nations, affirmation of Algerian sympathy towards all nations which would support the liberating action.{{Cite web|url=https://www.elwatan.com/edition/actualite/que-savez-vous-sur-la-declaration-du-1er-novembre-01-11-2013|title=Que savez-vous sur la Déclaration du 1er Novembre ? | el Watan|access-date=2021-03-06|archive-date=2022-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705193257/https://www.elwatan.com/edition/actualite/que-savez-vous-sur-la-declaration-du-1er-novembre-01-11-2013|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.lexpress.fr/informations/alger-1er-novembre-1954-0-h-50-l-express-va-plus-loin-avec-jean-vaujour_600194.html|title=1er novembre 1954 : le début de la guerre d'Algérie|date=October 27, 1994|website=LExpress.fr|access-date=March 6, 2021|archive-date=July 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705190809/https://www.lexpress.fr/informations/alger-1er-novembre-1954-0-h-50-l-express-va-plus-loin-avec-jean-vaujour_600194.html|url-status=live}}

In accordance with revolutionary principles and taking into account internal and external situations, the continuation of the struggle by all means until the goal of independence is achieved.{{Cite web|url=https://www.elmoudjahid.com/fr/histoire/proclamation-du-1er-novembre-un-document-de-consensus-1009|title=Proclamation du 1er novembre : Un document de consensus - Histoire|website=El Moudjahid}}{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

To achieve these objectives, the National Liberation Front will have two essential tasks to carry out simultaneously: internal action, both politically and in terms of its action, and external action in order to deal with the Algerian cause which will be a reality for the whole world with the support of all natural allies of Algerians.{{Cite web|url=http://www.argotheme.com/organecyberpresse/spip.php?article484|title=Préparation du 1er Novembre 1954 par MOHAMED BOUDIAF|date=March 6, 2021|website=POPULI-SCOOP|access-date=March 6, 2021|archive-date=July 2, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702045751/https://www.argotheme.com/organecyberpresse/spip.php?article484|url-status=live}}

This is an overwhelming task which requires the mobilization of all national energies and resources. It is true, the struggle will be long but the outcome is certain.{{Cite web|url=http://xn--66me-6oa/%20anniversaire%20du%20déclenchement%20de%20la%20guerre%20de%20libération%20nationale%20***%20المجد%20و%20الخلود%20لشهدئنا%20الأبرار***|title=66ème anniversaire du déclenchement de la guerre de libération nationale *** المجد و الخلود لشهدئنا الأبرار***|first=Net Design|last=Agnecy|website=xn--66me-6oa}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

• Algerian War
• National Liberation Front
• National Liberation Army
• Mohamed Aïchaoui
• Mohamed Boudiaf
• Mourad Didouche
• Rabah Bitat
• Abane Ramdane

{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

{{Reflist}}

• Horne, Alistair. (1977). A Savage War of Peace: Algeria, 1954-1962. Viking Press.
• McDougall, James. (2017). A History of Algeria. Cambridge University Press.
• McDougall, James. (2006). History and the culture of nationalism in Algeria. Cambridge University Press.

• {{YouTube|d8foH2VfehU|1- Proclamation of 1 November 1954}}
• {{YouTube|gYM-kp2jzYg|2- Proclamation of 1 November 1954}}
• {{YouTube|MBqTqYfh5Xo|3- Ighil Imoula: Place of printing of the proclamation of 1 November 1954}}
• {{YouTube|g-WhCpg-2vM|4- Mohamed Aïchaoui wrote the proclamation 1 November 1954 on the digging machine}}

{{Algerian War}}

{{Conflicts between France and Algeria}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Declaration of 1 November 1954}}

Category:Algerian War

Category:1954 in the Algerian War

Category:November 1954 in Africa

Category:Declarations of independence

Category:1954 documents

Category:Political charters

Category:Independence movements

Category:Collective rights

Category:1954 in international relations