denominal verb

English examples are to school, from school, meaning to instruct; to shelve, from shelf, meaning to put on shelves; and to symbolize, from symbol, meaning to be a symbol for.

Some common denominalizing affixes in English are -ize/-ise (e.g., summarize), -ify (e.g., classify), -ate (e.g., granulate), en- (e.g., enslave), be- (e.g., behead), and zero or -∅ (e.g., school).

A variety of semantic relations are expressed between the base noun X and the derived verb. Although there is no simple relationship between the affix and the semantic relation,Carolyn A. Gottfurcht, Denominal Verb Formation in English, Ph.D. dissertation, Northwestern University, 2008 [https://www.linguistics.northwestern.edu/documents/dissertations/linguistics-research-graduate-dissertations-gottfurchtdissertation2007.pdf full text] there are semantic regularities that can define certain subclasses. {{Cite book|last=Rimell|first=Laura D.|title=Nominal Roots as Event Predicates in English Denominal Conversion Verbs|publisher=|year=2012|isbn=|location=|pages=}} Such subclasses include:{{Cite journal|last=Kastovsky|first=Dieter|date=1973|title=Causatives|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25000716|journal=Foundations of Language|volume=10|issue=2|pages=255–315|jstor=25000716|issn=0015-900X}}{{Cite book|last=Plag|first=Ingo|url=https://www.degruyter.com/view/title/5247|title=Morphological Productivity: Structural Constraints in English Derivation|publisher=De Gruyter Mouton|year=1999|isbn=978-3-11-080286-3|location=|pages=|language=en|doi=10.1515/9783110802863|s2cid=260644701 }}

• resultative: to make something into an X, e.g., victimize, cash
• locative: to put something in X, e.g., box, hospitalize
• instrumental: to use X, e.g., sponge, hammer
• ablative: to remove something from X, e.g., deplane, unsaddle
• privative: to remove X from something, e.g., pit (olives), behead, bone, defrost
• ornative: to add X to something or to cover something with X, e.g., rubberize, salt
• similative: to act like or resemble X, e.g., tyrannize, guard
• performative: to do or perform X, e.g., botanize, tango

In Rgyalrong languages, denominal derivations are extremely developed and have given rise to incorporating and antipassive constructions.{{Cite journal|last=Jacques|first=Guillaume|date=2012|title=From denominal derivation to incorporation|url=https://www.academia.edu/1627216|journal=Lingua|language=en|volume=122|issue=11|pages=1207–1231|doi=10.1016/j.lingua.2012.05.010|issn=0024-3841|via=}}{{Cite journal|last=Jacques|first=Guillaume|date=2014|title=Denominal affixes as sources of antipassive markers in Japhug Rgyalrong|url=https://www.academia.edu/4483958|journal=Lingua|language=en|volume=138|pages=1–22|doi=10.1016/j.lingua.2013.09.011|issn=0024-3841|via=}}

Many Latin verbs are denominal.{{cite book |last1=Moreland |first1=Floyd L. |last2=Fleischer |first2=Rita M. |date=1990 |title=Latin: An Intensive Course |location=London, England |publisher=University of California Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/latinintensiveco00more_0/page/29 29] |isbn=0520031830 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/latinintensiveco00more_0/page/29 }} For example, the first conjugation verb nominare (to name) is derived from nomen (a name), and the fourth conjugation verb mollire (to soften) derives from the adjective mollis (soft).{{cite book |last=Fortson |first=Benjamin W. IV |date=2004 |title=Indo-European Languages and Culture |publisher=Blackwell |isbn=978-1-4051-0315-2 |section=13.13}}

Denominal verb derivation is highly productive in Hebrew. They are derived from denominal roots and mostly get a set of {{transliteration|he|pi'el}}, {{transliteration|he|pu'al}} and {{transliteration|he|hitpa'el}} binyans, but can accept others as well. Only active {{transliteration|he|pi'el}} binyan is shown here:

• {{lang|he|מַחְשֵׁב}} ({{transliteration|he|makhshev}} - computer) -> {{lang|he|מִחְשֵׁב}} ({{transliteration|he|mikhshev}} - computerize);
• {{lang|he|סִפְרָתִי/סִפְרָה}} ({{transliteration|he|sifra/sifrati}} - digit/digital) -> {{lang|he|סִפְרֵת}} ({{transliteration|he|sifret}} - digitize);
• {{lang|he|תַּמְצִית}} ({{transliteration|he|tamtzit}} - extract, summary) -> {{lang|he|תִּמְצֵת}} ({{transliteration|he|timtzet}} - summarize);
• {{lang|he|מַפָּה}} ({{transliteration|he|mapa}} - map) -> {{lang|he|מִפָּה}} ({{transliteration|he|mipa}} - map).

Some roots derive verbs from more than one binyan set:

• {{lang|he|מָקוֹם}} ({{transliteration|he|makom}} - place) -> {{lang|he|מִקֵּם}} ({{transliteration|he|mikem}} - place, locate), {{lang|he|הִמְקִים}} ({{transliteration|he|himkim}} - localize).

• Deverbal noun, where the noun is formed from the verb.

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Category:Verb types

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wa:Sivierba