deviled egg

{{Infobox prepared food

| image = 0.2014 Ostereier zum Frühstück, Beskiden, Nowotaniec.jpg

| image_size = 250px

| caption = A bowl of deviled eggs

| alternate_name = stuffed eggs, Russian eggs, dressed eggs, curried eggs

| country = Spain, England

| region = Andalusia

| creator =

| course = Hors d'oeuvre

| served = Cold

| main_ingredient = Eggs, mayonnaise, mustard

| variations = Multiple

| calories = 200

| other =

}}

Deviled eggs, also known as stuffed eggs, curried eggs, dressed eggs or angel eggs, are hard-boiled eggs that have been peeled, cut in half, with the yolk scooped out and then refilled having been mixed with other ingredients such as mayonnaise, mustard and sprinkled with paprika, cinnamon or curry powder.Robert A. Palmatier, "Food: a dictionary of literal & nonliteral terms" Westport: Greenwood Press, 2000. p. 96 They are generally served cold as a side dish, appetizer or a main course during gatherings or parties. The dish is popular in Europe, North America and Australia.

Etymology

The English word "devil", in reference to highly seasoned food, was in use in the 18th century, with the first known print reference appearing in 1786.{{cite web |url=http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2182/whats-up-with-deviled-eggs-ham-etc |website=The Straight Dope |title= What's up with "Deviled" eggs, ham, etc.? |date=October 12, 2004 |access-date=2022-01-03}} In the 19th century, the adjective "deviled" came to be used most often with spicy or zesty food, including eggs prepared with mustard, pepper, or other ingredients stuffed in the yolk cavity.{{Cite book|last1= Symposium |first1= Oxford Oxford|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=cfP6jHmSLnMC&q=deviled+food+19th+century&pg=PT126|title= Eggs in Cookery: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium of Food and Cookery 2006|last2= Hosking|first2= Richard|date= 2007|publisher= Oxford Symposium|isbn= 978-1-903018-54-5}} Similar uses of "devil" for spiced foods include deviled ham and {{lang|it|fra diavolo}} sauce (from the Italian word for "devil").

At church functions in parts of the Southern and Midwestern United States, the terms "stuffed eggs", "salad eggs", and "dressed eggs" occur instead, to avoid reference to the word "devil".{{cite news |last1= Bienvenu |first1=Marcelle |title=Cooking Creole: Deviled eggs and their alternate name for church functions |url= https://www.nola.com/entertainment_life/eat-drink/article_f20f92b5-e32b-5cc7-9e7c-91f02dc542f3.html |access-date=15 March 2022 |work= NOLA.com |publisher= The Times-Picayune |date= 15 July 2013 |quote= In some regions of the South and the Midwest, deviled eggs are also called salad or dressed eggs when they are served at a church function, to avoid the term 'deviled.'}} For this reason, the term "angel eggs" is also occasionally used.{{Cite web |date=2023-02-07 |title=Deviled Egg Southern Recipe |url=https://littlecooksreadingbooks.com/deviled-egg-southern-recipe/ |access-date=2023-09-19 |website=Little Cooks Reading Books}}

History

Recipes for hard-boiled eggs stuffed with herbs, cheese and raisins can be found in the cookery texts of medieval European cuisine.{{cite news |title=Deviled eggs are hard to resist |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/60645938/deviled-eggs/ |access-date=6 October 2020 |work=The Republic from Columbus, Indiana |date=December 31, 2003}}

The earliest known recipe for stuffed eggs, and the one that most closely resembles the modern-day deviled egg, is believed to have been written in the Andalusian region of Spain during the 13th century. According to the English translation of a recipe found in an unnamed 13th century Andalusian cookbook, boiled egg yolks were mixed with cilantro (coriander), pepper, and onion juice, then beat with murri (a sauce made of fermented barley or fish), oil and salt. The mixture was then stuffed into the hollowed-out egg whites, and the two halves of the egg were fastened back together with a small stick and topped with pepper.{{Cite web|url=https://ncegg.org/deviled-eggs-history-from-rome-to-your-home/|title = Deviled Eggs History: From Rome to Your Home|date = 2 November 2018}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.daringgourmet.com/spanish-deviled-eggs/|title=Spanish Deviled Eggs|date=27 December 2016}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.daviddfriedman.com/Medieval/Cookbooks/Andalusian/andalusian4.htm#Heading148|title=An Anonymous Andalusian Cookbook of the 13th Century}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.daviddfriedman.com/Medieval/Cookbooks/Andalusian/andalusian_contents.htm|title = Andalusian Cookbook: Table of Contents}}

In his 1585 cookery book The Good Huswifes Jewell, Thomas Dawson suggests filling hardboiled eggs with a "farsing stuffe as you do for flesh".{{cite book |last1=Dawson |first1=Thomas |title=The Good Huswifes Jewell |date=1585 |page=28 |url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A69185.0001.001/1:3.57?rgn=div2;view=fulltext}}

The first known recipe to suggest the use of mayonnaise as an ingredient in deviled eggs was in the 1896 version of The Boston Cooking School Cook Book by Fannie Farmer.{{Cite web|url=https://journal.alabamachanin.com/2014/09/history-of-deviled-eggs-a-recipe/|title=History of Deviled Eggs (+ A Recipe)|date=17 September 2014}}{{Cite web|url=https://ancestralfindings.com/deviled-eggs/|title = The Delicious History of Deviled Eggs: GeneFoods #9|date = 8 May 2019}}{{Cite web|url=https://ncegg.org/deviled-eggs-history-from-rome-to-your-home/|title = Deviled Eggs History: From Rome to Your Home|date = 2 November 2018}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.daringgourmet.com/spanish-deviled-eggs/|title=Spanish Deviled Eggs|date=27 December 2016}}{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GmnNg38wtjcC|title=The Boston Cooking-School Cook Book|last1=Farmer|first1=Fannie Merritt|year=1920}}

Preparation and ingredients

File:How-To Devilled Eggs.webmhd.webm

Cooled hard-boiled eggs are peeled and halved lengthwise, with the yolks then removed. (They can be cut crosswise for more filling). The yolk is then mashed and mixed with a variety of other ingredients.[https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A39787131The Art of Making Devilled Eggs] (2008-08-08) These usually incorporate a fat-based product (such as butter, heavy cream, or mayonnaise) with spicy and/or piquant ingredients to contrast taste (and, sometimes, texture). One recipe has the yolks mashed with mayonnaise, dijon mustard, vinegar, pickle relish and salt and pepper. The yolk mixture is then scooped into each egg "cup" formed by the firm egg whites.

Ingredient choices vary widely and there is no standard recipe. Although mayonnaise is most common, some recipes use butter, and sweet pickle relish sometimes replaces the sour pickles.{{cite news |title=Heavenly variations on deviled eggs |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/60658534/butter-deviled-eggs/ |access-date=7 October 2020 |work=The Journal Times from Racine, Wisconsin |date=May 11, 1998}}

=Variations=

File:Assortment of Homemade Contemporary Deviled Eggs.jpg

There are many variations on the basic recipe that may add ingredients such as:

{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|

mayonnaise
{{ill|cod liver|ru|Печень трески}}
diced pickle or pickle relish
herbs and spices
vinegar
mustard
scallions
green olives
pimentoes
poppyseed
minced onion
caviar
capers
cream or sour cream

}}

In different countries

=United States of America=

File:Polish Easter table.jpg breakfast]]

Devilled eggs came over from the UK to the United States.{{Cite web |title=History of devilled eggs |url=https://www.backthenhistory.com/articles/the-history-of-deviled-eggs |website=History of devilled eggs|date=November 3, 2021 }} In the United States, deviled eggs are a common dish that are typically served as hors d'oeuvres or appetizers during gatherings and parties.{{Cite web|url=https://ancestralfindings.com/deviled-eggs/|title = The Delicious History of Deviled Eggs: GeneFoods #9|date = 8 May 2019}}

The eggs are boiled, cooled, shelled, and then sliced in half. The yolk is then removed and mixed with other ingredients, such as mayonnaise, mustard, vinegar, pickle relish, and other spices and herbs. It is then blended into a smooth paste which is used to fill the hollowed-out egg whites. They are generally served cold and are often dusted with paprika.{{Cite web|url=https://www.marthastewart.com/333222/herbed-deviled-eggs/|title=Herbed Deviled Eggs Recipe}}{{Cite web|url=https://downshiftology.com/recipes/deviled-eggs//|title = BEST Deviled Eggs Recipe - How to Make Deviled Eggs|date = 30 March 2019}}

The earliest known American recipe for deviled eggs was printed in the Montgomery Advertiser, a news publication in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1877.

The first known recipe to use mayonnaise as an ingredient in deviled eggs was in the 1896 version of an American cookbook titled The Boston Cooking School Cookbook by Fannie Farmer. In this early recipe, the mayonnaise was recommended as a binding agent for the yolk mixture.{{Cite web|url=https://journal.alabamachanin.com/2014/09/history-of-deviled-eggs-a-recipe/|title=History of Deviled Eggs (+ A Recipe)|date=17 September 2014}}{{Cite web|url=https://ancestralfindings.com/deviled-eggs/|title = The Delicious History of Deviled Eggs: GeneFoods #9|date = 8 May 2019}}

Deviled eggs have been a popular dish in the United States dating as far back as the 1920s. In 1923, Wanda Barton suggested in her newspaper column, "Home-Making Helps", to save egg cartons because "they are fine for carrying boiled or deviled eggs."{{Cite web|url=https://www.southernkitchen.com/articles/eat/anne-byrn-shows-us-how-deviled-eggs-came-to-rule-the-southern-potluck/|title = Anne Byrn shows us how deviled eggs came to rule the Southern potluck|date = 5 June 2018}}

By the 1940s, deviled eggs had become a staple food at picnics, parties and gatherings in the United States.{{Cite web|url=https://ancestralfindings.com/deviled-eggs/|title = The Delicious History of Deviled Eggs: GeneFoods #9|date = 8 May 2019}}

According to an online survey commissioned by McCormick in 2019, nearly 61 percent of Americans planned to make and/or eat deviled eggs during Easter Sunday of that same year.{{Cite web|url=https://www.southernliving.com/easter/how-many-people-serve-deviled-eggs-easter/|title=Nearly Two-Thirds of Americans Will Have This Dish on Their Easter Menu}}

=Europe=

In many European countries, especially Belgium, France, the Netherlands and Germany, a variation is served known as "Russian eggs"{{Citation needed|reason=Not in the NL we don't, especially not using an English language term, so where is this term used?|date=April 2023}}. This consists of eggs cut in half, served with vegetable macédoine and garnished with mayonnaise, parsley and tomato.{{cite web|url = http://limousin-poitou-charentes.france3.fr/emissions/lesrecettesdefrancois/recettes/les-entrees/33676092-fr.php|title = Oeufs à la russe – Les recettes de François|work = France 3|access-date = 11 July 2012|language = fr|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100605044702/http://limousin-poitou-charentes.france3.fr/emissions/lesrecettesdefrancois/recettes/les-entrees/33676092-fr.php|archive-date = 5 June 2010}} Contrary to what the name might suggest, the dish does not originate in Russia; its name derives from the fact that the eggs are served on a bed of macédoine, which is sometimes called "Russian salad". In German cuisine, other common flavourings of the yolks are anchovies, cheese and caper.

In France, the dish is called œuf mimosa ("mimosa egg", named after the appearance of the mimosa tree); in Italy uova ripiene (literally stuffed eggs) in Hungary, töltött tojás ("stuffed egg") or kaszinótojás ("casino egg"); in Poland, jajka faszerowane ("stuffed eggs"); in the Netherlands gevuld ei ("stuffed egg"); in Sweden fyllda ägg ("stuffed eggs"); on the island of Malta bajd mimli ("stuffed eggs")

United Kingdom

A 16th century recipe for devilled eggs comes from the book The Good Huswifes Jewell. It stuffs the eggs with a mixture of herbs and spices.

The term devilled eggs is British first appearing in print in 1786.{{Cite web |title=What's up with devilled eggs |date=October 12, 2004 |url=https://www.straightdope.com/21343320/what-s-up-with-deviled-eggs-ham-etc}}

In the UK, the dish is popular at buffets. The eggs are made with a mixture or mayonnaise, English mustard, paprika and chives. Cayenne pepper or Tabasco sauce is often added to the mixture.

==Italy==

In Italy uova ripiene are usually stuffed with minced boiled egg yolks, tuna, capers, anchovies, chopped parsley, and mayonnaise. They are usually prepared around Easter time.

==Sweden==

In Sweden, the deviled egg (fyllda ägghalvor) is a traditional dish for the Easter Smörgåsbord, where the yolk is mixed with caviar, cream or sour cream, optionally chopped red onion, and decorated with chopped chives or dill, perhaps with a piece of anchovy or pickled herring.

==Hungary==

In Hungarian cuisine, the yolks are mashed and mixed with white bread soaked in milk, mustard and parsley, often served as an appetizer with mayonnaise, or as a main course baked in the oven with Hungarian sour cream topping and served with French fries.

== Romania ==

In Romania, deviled eggs are called ouă umplute („stuffed eggs”) and are a popular dish frequently prepared both for religious and secular celebrations. Several stuffings are available with the most frequent consisting of the classic mixture of yolks with mayonnaise, or with liver paté added, a different mixture with cheese or fish paste decorated with carrot or pickle slices and parsley or dill leaves.