deworming
{{short description|Use of anthelmintic drugs}}
{{For-text|deworming of humans|mass deworming|other meanings of "Deworming"|Worming|types of dewormers|Anthelmintic}}
File:Sheep drenching.JPG hoggets, Walcha, NSW]]
File:U.S. Soldiers Treat Animals With De-Worming Medication In Swaziland.webm during VETCAP]]
Deworming (sometimes known as worming, drenching or dehelmintization) is the giving of an anthelmintic drug (a wormer, dewormer, or drench) to a human or animals to rid them of helminths parasites, such as roundworm, flukes and tapeworm. Purge dewormers for use in livestock can be formulated as a feed supplement that is eaten, a paste or gel that is deposited at the back of the animal's mouth, a liquid drench given orally, an injectable, or as a pour-on which can be applied to the animal's topline. In dogs and cats, purge dewormers come in many forms including a granular form to be added to food, pill form, chew tablets, and liquid suspensions.
Animals
= Large animal =
Horses are most often dewormed with a paste or gel placed on the back of the animal's mouth via a dosing syringe; feed dewormers are also used, both single-dose varieties and in a daily, "continuous" feed form. Deworming (drenching) a sheep is usually done with a specific drenching gun that squirts an anthelmintic into the sheep's throat. Recently anthelmintic herbal drugs and vaccines have been used against gastrointestinal nematodes due to an increase in resistance to anthelmintic drugs that showed significant potential against parasites in large animals.{{cite journal |last1=Sadr |first1=Soheil |last2=Ahmadi Simab |first2=Pouria |last3=Kasaei |first3=Melika |last4=Gholipour Landi |first4=Mahdieh |last5=Borji |first5=Hassan |last6=Adhami |first6=Ghazaleh |title=Potential of Anthelmintic Herbal Drugs against Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Farm Animals: A Review |journal=Farm Animal Health and Nutrition |date=2022 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=26–30|doi=10.58803/fahn.v1i1.9 |doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |last1=Lotfalizadeh |first1=Narges |last2=Sadr |first2=Soheil |last3=Moghaddam |first3=Safa |last4=Saberi Najjar |first4=Mahdis |last5=Khakshoor |first5=Amin |last6=Ahmadi Simab |first6=Pouria |last7=Borji |first7=Hassan |title=The Innate Immunity Defense against Gastrointestinal Nematodes: Vaccine Development |journal=Farm Animal Health and Nutrition |date=2022 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=31–38|doi=10.58803/fahn.v1i2.10 |doi-access=free }}
== Anthelmintics ==
| class="wikitable"
|+Equine Anthelmintics{{Cite book|title=Equine Clinical Pharmacology|last=Bertone|first=Joseph|publisher=Elsevier|year=2004|pages=65}} !Drug class !Anthelmintic !Targeted parasite(s) |
| Macrocyclic lactones
| |Cyathostomes (adult small strongyles); migrating large strongyle larvae; adult large strongyles; ascarids; bots |
| Benzimidazoles
| |Cyathostomes (adult small strongyles); migrating large strongyle larvae; adult large strongyles; ascarids; bots |
| Pyrimidines
|
|Cyathosyomes (adult small strongyles); adult large strongyles; ascarids |
| Heterocyclics
| |Cyathosyomes (adult small strongyles); adult large strongyles; ascarids |
| Pyrazinoisoquinolines
| |
= Small animal =
The Companion Animal Parasite Council (CAPC) recommends deworming treatments at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of age for puppies and concurrent treatments to the mother.They also recommend deworming treatments at 3, 5, 7, and 9 weeks of age for kittens and the mother. Depending on animal health and lifestyle factors, quarterly treatments may also be recommended.{{Cite web|url=http://veterinarymedicine.dvm360.com/capc-primary-guidelines|title=CAPC primary guidelines|website=DVM360|date=March 2008 }}
Humans
{{Further|Mass deworming}}
Mass deworming campaigns of school children have been used both as a preventive as well as a treatment method for helminthiasis, which includes soil transmitted helminthiasis in children. Children can be treated by administering, for example, mebendazole and albendazole. The cost is relatively low. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 870 million children (half of the children in the world) are at risk of parasitic worm infection.{{cite web|title=Soil Transmitted Helminths|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs366/en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820003930/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs366/en/|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 20, 2012|publisher=WHO|access-date=28 July 2015}} Worm infections interfere with nutrient uptake, can lead to anemia, malnourishment and impaired mental and physical development, and pose a serious threat to children's health, education, and productivity. Infected children are often too sick or tired to concentrate at school, or to attend at all.{{cite journal|last1=Miguel|first1=Edward|title=Worms at work: Long-run impacts of a child health investment|journal=Working Paper|date=May 2015|volume=131|issue=4|pages=1637–1680|doi=10.1093/qje/qjw022|pmid=27818531|pmc=5094294|url=http://emiguel.econ.berkeley.edu/assets/miguel_research/64/Worms-at-Work_2015-07-23.pdf|access-date=28 July 2015|display-authors=etal|archive-date=2021-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116020318/http://emiguel.econ.berkeley.edu/assets/miguel_research/64/Worms-at-Work_2015-07-23.pdf|url-status=dead}}
See also
References
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