dishypatos

{{Short description|Byzantine honorary dignity, 9th–11th centuries}}

{{transl|grc|Dishypatos}}, Latinized as {{lang|la|dishypatus}} ({{langx|el|δισύπατος||twice {{transl|grc|hypatos}}}}), was a Byzantine honorary dignity ({{lang|grc|διὰ βραβείου ἀξία}}, {{transl|grc|dia brabeiou axia}}) in the 9th–11th centuries, intended for "bearded men" (i.e. non-eunuchs). From then on, and especially during the Palaiologan period, it is attested as a family name.

The title is relatively rarely mentioned in literary sources, and few seals of {{transl|grc|dishypatoi}} have been found. Likely created in the 8th century, it is first attested in the early 9th century, when a certain Thomas, addressee of Theodore the Studite, held the title.{{sfn|Bury|1911|p=27}}{{harvnb|Kazhdan|1991|p=638}}. Nevertheless, in the Kletorologion, compiled in 899 by Byzantine court official Philotheos, it ranks quite high, being placed below the {{transl|grc|protospatharios}} and above the {{transl|grc|spatharokandidatos}}. The Kletorologion also mentions that its characteristic insigne of the rank ({{lang|grc|βραβείον}}, {{transl|grc|brabeion}}) was a diploma.{{sfn|Bury|1911|p=22}} The title seems to have disappeared in Byzantium itself by the late 11th century, but it is still attested during the 12th century in Byzantine-influenced southern Italy. In the same period, 'Dishypatos' begins to appear as a surname, becoming more common after the 13th century, when it also became connected with the reigning Palaiologos dynasty. Among its most notable members were the {{transl|grc|kanstresios}} Manuel Dishypatos and the 14th-century Palamite monk David Dishypatos.