double-A (baseball)

File:1922 Jigger Statz.jpeg, pictured in 1922, played in over 2700 Minor League Baseball games, all at the Double-A level in the Pacific Coast League between 1920 and 1942]]

Class AA ("Double-A") was established in 1912, as the new highest classification of Minor League Baseball.{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/75783068/the-philadelphia-inquirer/ |title=National Commission Grants Minor Leaguers Everything Asked For: Big Moguls of Baseball...Establish Much Wanted Class AA |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |page=10 |date=January 5, 1912 |accessdate=April 14, 2021 |via=newspapers.com}} Previously, Class A had been the highest level, predating the establishment of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues—the formal name of Minor League Baseball—in 1901.{{cite book |title=The Encyclopedia of Minor League Baseball |editor1=Lloyd Johnson |editor2=Miles Wolff |edition=Third |publisher=Baseball America |date=2007 |isbn=978-1932391176}}{{rp|15}} Entering the 1912 season, three leagues were designated as Class AA:{{rp|236}}

• American Association (AA)
• International League (IL)
• Pacific Coast League (PCL)

Each of these leagues had previously been in Class A.{{rp|230}} Each remained in Class AA through 1945,{{rp|396}} then moved into Class AAA ("Triple-A") when it was established in 1946.{{rp|15}} No other leagues were designated Class AA during 1912–1945, although a Class A1 level (between Class A and Class AA) was established in 1936.{{rp|15}}

The contemporary Double-A classification, as the second-highest level in Minor League Baseball, was established in 1946. Entering that season, the three aforementioned leagues in Class AA all moved to the newly established Triple-A, and Class A1 became Double-A with two leagues:{{rp|401}}

• Southern Association, previously Class A1 (1936–1945)
• Texas League, previously Class A1 (1936–1942; idle for three seasons during World War II)

The Texas League remained in Double-A for the next 75 years. During this time, there were limited changes to leagues at the Double-A level:

• 1955: the Mexican League, previously independent, was classified as Double-A{{rp|732}}
• 1961: final season of the Southern Association{{rp|743}}
• 1963: the Eastern League and original South Atlantic League were moved from Class A to Double-A{{rp|731, 743}}
• 1964: the original South Atlantic League was reconstituted as the Southern League{{rp|733}}
• 1967: the Mexican League moved to Triple-A{{rp|732}}

Entering the 2020 minor league season (which was not played, due to the COVID-19 pandemic) the Texas League had been in Double-A since 1946, the Eastern League since 1963, and the Southern League since 1964. Prior to the 2021 season, Major League Baseball (MLB) reorganized the minor leagues. At that time, the existing leagues were temporarily renamed: Eastern League as Double-A Northeast, Southern League as Double-A South, and Texas League as Double-A Central. Following MLB's acquisition of the rights to the names of the historical minor leagues, MLB announced on March 16, 2022, that the leagues would revert to their prior names, effective with the 2022 season.{{cite news |url=https://www.milb.com/news/minor-league-baseball-historical-league-names-to-return-in-2022 |title=Historical league names to return in 2022 |publisher=Minor League Baseball |website=Minor League Baseball |date=March 16, 2022 |access-date=March 29, 2022}}

File:1987 Rob Broder Rookies Jeff Hearron.jpg was signed by the Toronto Blue Jays of Major League Baseball]]

The Double-A classification usually hosts developing players that have been part of professional baseball for only a couple of years. These players can get to the Double-A level by earning a promotion from any of the lower-level leagues,{{cite web|url=http://www.sportingcharts.com/dictionary/mlb/double-aa-baseball.aspx|title=What is Double AA Baseball?|year=2014|website=SportingCharts|access-date=March 19, 2015}} with Class A-Advanced ("High-A") being immediately below Double-A in the minor league hierarchy.

The step up to the Double-A level can be one of the hardest promotions for such players because it is the level at which pitchers need to have a good off-speed pitch in their repertoires. In addition, it is the level where fastball-only hitters need to learn how to hit off-speed pitches, or their hopes of advancing to the majors will diminish. Some players may be placed in Double-A to begin their minor league careers, usually veterans from foreign leagues or top prospects out of college. Additionally, major league clubs sometimes send players to their Double-A team to rehabilitate from injuries.

While Triple-A is the highest level in the minor leagues, players may also advance to the major leagues directly from Double-A. For example, within the Toronto Blue Jays organization, 17 position players were promoted from Double-A directly to MLB during 1978–2018;{{cite news |url=http://bluejayhunter.com/2018/05/flashback-friday-blue-jays-position-players-who-leapt-from-double-a-to-mlb.html |title=Flashback Friday: Blue Jays Position Players Who Leapt From Double-A to MLB |first=Ian |last=Hunter |website=bluejayhunter.com |date=May 11, 2018 |accessdate=April 14, 2021}} approximately one player every two seasons. As players at the Double-A level are, generally, still improving their skills, it could be argued that the pure talent level is higher in Double-A than Triple-A, where there may be some stagnation of talent.{{cite web|url=http://www.hardballtimes.com/main/article/understanding-minor-league-levels/|title=Understanding Minor League Levels|last=Moore|first=Jeff|date=July 2, 2013|website=The Hardball Times|access-date=March 18, 2015}}

Because players are not often moved back and forth from their major league parent club as often happens in Triple-A, the rosters of Double-A teams tend to be more stable. Fans of Double-A teams thus have a longer amount of time to get acquainted with the players, which helps create a better relationship between the team and its fans.{{cite book|last1=Santelli|first1=Robert|last2=Santelli|first2=Jenna|title=The Baseball Fan's Bucket List: 162 Things You Must Do, See, Get, and Experience Before You Die|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YbsfAQAAQBAJ|year=2010|publisher=Running Press|isbn=9780762438556|page=218}}

{{location map+ |USA |float=left|width=750|caption=Current Double-A team locations: {{Legend|#3265CB|Texas League}} {{Legend|#D12A2A|Eastern League}} {{Legend|#51B71E|Southern League}}

|places=

{{location map~ |USA |lat=34.755215 |long=-92.272582 |mark = Blue pog.svg |marksize=6|label=Travelers|position=left}}

{{location map~ |USA |lat=36.159167 |long=-94.195 |mark = Blue pog.svg |marksize=6|label=Naturals|position=right}}

{{location map~ |USA |lat=37.211111 |long=-93.279722 |mark = Blue pog.svg |marksize=6|label=Cardinals|position=top}}

{{location map~ |USA |lat=36.159722 |long=-95.988056 |mark = Blue pog.svg |marksize=6|label=Drillers|position=left}}

{{location map~ |USA |lat=27.809583 |long=-97.399694 |mark = Blue pog.svg |marksize=6|label=Hooks|position=right}}

{{location map~ |USA |lat=33.098382 |long=-96.81972 |mark = Blue pog.svg |marksize=6|label=RoughRiders|position=bottom}}

{{location map~ |USA |lat=31.987332 |long=-102.155799 |mark = Blue pog.svg |marksize=6|label=RockHounds|position=left}}

{{location map~ |USA |lat=35.205556 |long=-101.831944 |mark = Blue pog.svg |marksize=6|label=Sod Poodles|position=left}}

{{location map~ |USA |lat=29.409131 |long=-98.601114 |mark = Blue pog.svg |marksize=6|label=Missions||position=left}}

{{location map~ |USA |lat=37.681389 |long=-97.345833 |mark = Blue pog.svg |marksize=6|label=Wind Surge|position=left}}

{{location map~ |USA |lat=42.102769 |long=-75.904988 |mark = Red pog.svg |marksize=6 |label=Rumble
Ponies|position=top}}

{{location map~ |USA |lat=41.771389 |long=-72.673889 |mark = Red pog.svg |marksize=6 |label=Yard Goats|position=right}}

{{location map~ |USA |lat=42.980833 |long=-71.466667 |mark = Red pog.svg |marksize=6|label=Fisher Cats|position=right}}

{{location map~ |USA |lat=43.656944 |long=-70.278333 |mark = Red pog.svg |marksize=6|label=Sea
Dogs|position=top}}

{{location map~ |USA |lat=40.365833 |long=-75.933611 |mark = Red pog.svg |marksize=6|label=Fightin Phils|position=right}}

{{location map~ |USA |lat=40.560556 |long=-74.553056 |mark = Red pog.svg |marksize=6 |label=Patriots||position=top}}

{{location map~ |USA |lat=41.077924 |long=-81.522202 |mark = Red pog.svg |marksize=6|label=RubberDucks|position=left}}

{{location map~ |USA |lat=40.473611 |long=-78.394722 |mark = Red pog.svg |marksize=6|label=Curve|position=top}}

{{location map~ |USA |lat=38.945556 |long=-76.709167 |mark = Red pog.svg |marksize=6|label=Baysox|position=bottom}}

{{location map~ |USA |lat=42.126944 |long=-80.08 |mark = Red pog.svg |marksize=6|label=SeaWolves|position=left}}

{{location map~ |USA |lat=40.256428 |long=-76.889977 |mark = Red pog.svg |marksize=6|label=Senators|position=bottom}}

{{location map~ |USA |lat=37.571806 |long=-77.463733 |mark = Red pog.svg |marksize=6|label=Flying
Squirrels|position=bottom}}

{{location map~ |USA |lat=33.50763 |long=-86.810218 |mark = Green pog.svg |marksize=6 |label=Barons|position=left}}

{{location map~ |USA |lat=35.054444 |long=-85.313889 |mark = Green pog.svg |marksize=6 |label=Lookouts|position=right}}

{{location map~ |USA |lat=32.3822 |long=-86.3106 |mark = Green pog.svg |marksize=6|label=Biscuits|position=left}}

{{location map~ |USA |lat=35.988889 |long=-83.604444 |mark = Green pog.svg |marksize=6|label=Smokies|position=right}}

{{location map~ |USA |lat=30.395741 |long=-88.893463 |mark = Green pog.svg |marksize=6|label=Shuckers|position=left}}

{{location map~ |USA |lat=32.452348 |long=-84.991541 |mark = Green pog.svg |marksize=6|label=Clingstones|position=right}}

{{location map~ |USA |lat=34.70658 |long=-86.75095 |mark = Green pog.svg |marksize=6|label=Trash Pandas|position=top}}

{{location map~ |USA |lat=30.404295 |long=-87.219662 |mark = Green pog.svg |marksize=6|label=Blue Wahoos|position=right}}

}}{{Clear}}

{{main|Texas League}}

{{:Texas League}}

{{main|Eastern League (1938–present)}}

{{:Eastern League (1938–present)|Eastern League)}}

{{main|Southern League (1964–present)}}

{{:Southern League (1964–present)|Southern League}}

Prior to the 2021 reorganization of the minor leagues, all three active Double-A leagues played split seasons, with the Eastern League moving to that system in 2019. Teams winning their division in either half of the season qualified for the postseason, with wild card teams filling out the remaining spots in a bracket tournament, usually composed of four teams.{{cite web|url=http://www.milb.com/milb/standings/playoff_procedures.jsp?lid=109&sid=l109|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420050045/http://www.milb.com/milb/standings/playoff_procedures.jsp?lid=109&sid=l109|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 20, 2012|title=Texas League Playoff Procedures|access-date=March 28, 2015}}{{cite web|url=http://www.milb.com/milb/standings/playoff_procedures.jsp?lid=113&sid=l113|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501154533/http://www.milb.com/milb/standings/playoff_procedures.jsp?lid=113&sid=l113|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 1, 2012|title=Eastern League Playoff Procedures|access-date=March 28, 2015}}{{cite web|url=http://www.milb.com/milb/standings/playoff_procedures.jsp?lid=111&sid=l111|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420130553/http://www.milb.com/milb/standings/playoff_procedures.jsp?lid=111&sid=l111|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 20, 2012|title=Southern League Playoff Procedures|access-date=March 28, 2015}}

On June 30, 2021, Minor League Baseball announced that the top two teams in each league (based on full-season winning percentage, and regardless of division) would meet in a best-of-five postseason series to determine league champions.{{cite news |url=https://www.milb.com/milb/news/playoffs-return-to-minor-league-baseball |title=Playoffs return to the Minor Leagues |first=Kelsie |last=Heneghan |website=Minor League Baseball |date=June 30, 2021 |access-date=July 1, 2021}}

Prior to the 2021 reorganization of the minor leagues, each of the active Double-A leagues held its own midseason All-Star Game.{{cite web |url=https://www.milb.com/events/calendar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324212407/https://www.milb.com/events/calendar |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 24, 2019 |title=Important Dates |website=Minor League Baseball |access-date=April 24, 2020}} From 1991 to 2002, the three combined to hold the Double-A All-Star Game between teams of American League-affiliated All-Stars and National League-affiliated All-Stars.{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/49387116/rays-mahomes-all-star-mvp/|via=Newspapers.com|title=SL Sets First All-Star Tilt|work=The Orlando Sentinel|location=Orlando|date=July 11, 1991|page=B-4}}{{cite news |last=Gonzalez |first=Roberto |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/49442800/end-comes-in-seventh/ |via=Newspapers.com |title=End Comes in Seventh |work=Hartford Courant |location=Hartford |date=July 11, 2002 |page=C1}}

After the start of the 2021 minor league season was delayed by a month,{{cite news |url=https://www.cbssports.com/mlb/news/mlb-delays-start-of-2021-season-for-most-minor-league-teams-per-report/ |title=MLB delays start of 2021 season for most minor-league teams, per report |first=Katherine |last=Acquavella |website=CBS Sports |date=January 5, 2021 |accessdate=May 5, 2021}} team schedules were released without a break for an all-star game.{{cite web |url=https://img.mlbstatic.com/milb-images/image/upload/milb/ltxqpr9pz15aiglrezqg.pdf |title=Sea Dogs 2021 Season Schedule |via=mlbstatic.com |publisher=Portland Sea Dogs |accessdate=May 5, 2021}}

{{see also|Baseball awards#Double-A}}

As a part of pace-of-play initiatives implemented in 2015, 20-second pitch clocks entered use at Double-A stadiums in 2015.{{cite web |first=Josh|last=Jackson|title=Triple-A, Double-A to Implement Pitch Clock|url=https://www.milb.com/news/gcs-106476386|work=Minor League Baseball|date=January 15, 2015|access-date=April 20, 2015}} In 2018, the time was shortened to 15 seconds when no runners are on base. Other significant changes implemented in 2018 included beginning extra innings with a runner on second base and limiting teams to eight mound visits during a nine-inning game.{{cite web |title=MiLB announces pace-of-play rules for 2018|url=https://www.milb.com/milb/news/minor-league-baseball-announces-pace-of-play-regulations-for-2018/c-268683294|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315020038/https://www.milb.com/milb/news/minor-league-baseball-announces-pace-of-play-regulations-for-2018/c-268683294|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 15, 2018|work=Minor League Baseball|date=March 14, 2018|access-date=March 15, 2018}} In 2019, the number of mound visits was reduced to seven, and pitchers were required to face a minimum of three consecutive batters, unless the side is retired or the pitcher is injured and unable to continue.{{cite web |title=MiLB announces pace-of-play rules for 2019|url=https://www.milb.com/milb/news/milb-announces-pace-of-play-rules-for-2019/c-305774226|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329154016/https://www.milb.com/milb/news/milb-announces-pace-of-play-rules-for-2019/c-305774226|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 29, 2019|work=Minor League Baseball|date=March 29, 2019|access-date=March 30, 2019}}

• List of Double-A baseball stadiums

{{reflist|30em}}

• {{official website|www.milb.com}}

{{Professional Baseball}}

{{Texas League}}

{{US Eastern League}}

{{Southern League (baseball)}}

Category:Minor league baseball

Category:Texas League