eEF-1

The nomenclature for the eEF-1 subunits have somewhat shifted around circa 2001, as it was recognized that the EF-1A and EF-1B complexes are to some extent independent of each other. Components as currently recognized and named include:{{cite journal | vauthors = Sasikumar AN, Perez WB, Kinzy TG | title = The many roles of the eukaryotic elongation factor 1 complex | journal = Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: RNA | volume = 3 | issue = 4 | pages = 543–55 | date = 2011 | pmid = 22555874 | pmc = 3374885 | doi = 10.1002/wrna.1118 }}

The precise manner eEF1B subunit attaches onto eEF1A varies by organ and species. eEF1A also binds actin.

Various species of green algae, red algae, chromalveolates, and fungi lack the EF-1α gene but instead possess a related gene called EFL (elongation factor-like). Although its function has not been studied in depth, it appears to be similar to EF-1α.

{{As of|2009}}, only two organisms are known to have both EF-1α and EFL: the fungus Basidiobolus and the diatom Thalassiosira. The evolutionary history of EFL is unclear. It may have arisen one or more times followed by loss of EFL or EF-1α. The presence in three diverse eukaryotic groups (fungi, chromalveolates, and archaeplastida) is supposed to be the result of two or more horizontal gene transfer events, according to a 2009 review.{{citation | journal = BMC Evol. Biol. | year = 2009 | volume = 9 | pages = 39 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2148-9-39 | pmc = 2652445 | title = Gain and loss of elongation factor genes in green algae |author1=Ellen Cocquyt |author2=Heroen Verbruggen |author3=Frederik Leliaert |author4=Frederick W Zechman |author5=Koen Sabbe |author6=Olivier De Clerck | issue = 1 | pmid=19216746 | bibcode = 2009BMCEE...9...39C | doi-access = free }} A 2013 report finds 11 more species with both genes, and provided an alternative hypothesis that an ancestor eukaryote may have both genes. In all known organisms where both genes are present, EF-1α tends to be transcriptionally repressed. If the hypothesis holds true, scientists would expect to find an organism that has a repressed EFL and a fully-functioning EF-1α.{{cite journal | vauthors = Kamikawa R, Brown MW, Nishimura Y, Sako Y, Heiss AA, Yubuki N, Gawryluk R, Simpson AG, Roger AJ, Hashimoto T, Inagaki Y | display-authors = 6 | title = Parallel re-modeling of EF-1α function: divergent EF-1α genes co-occur with EFL genes in diverse distantly related eukaryotes | journal = BMC Evolutionary Biology | volume = 13 | pages = 131 | date = June 2013 | issue = 1 | pmid = 23800323 | pmc = 3699394 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2148-13-131 | bibcode = 2013BMCEE..13..131K | doi-access = free }}

A 2014 review of EF-1α/EFL possessing eukaryotes considers both explanations insufficient on their own to explain the complex distribution of these two proteins in Eukaryotes.{{cite journal | vauthors = Mikhailov KV, Janouškovec J, Tikhonenkov DV, Mirzaeva GS, Diakin AY, Simdyanov TG, Mylnikov AP, Keeling PJ, Aleoshin VV | display-authors = 6 | title = A complex distribution of elongation family GTPases EF1A and EFL in basal alveolate lineages | journal = Genome Biology and Evolution | volume = 6 | issue = 9 | pages = 2361–7 | date = September 2014 | pmid = 25179686 | pmc = 4217694 | doi = 10.1093/gbe/evu186 | doi-access = free }}

In eukaryotes, a related GTPase called eRF3 participates in translation termination. The archaeal EF-1α, on the other hand, performs all functions carried by these subfunctionalized variants.{{cite journal | vauthors = Saito K, Kobayashi K, Wada M, Kikuno I, Takusagawa A, Mochizuki M, Uchiumi T, Ishitani R, Nureki O, Ito K | display-authors = 6 | title = Omnipotent role of archaeal elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1α in translational elongation and termination, and quality control of protein synthesis | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 107 | issue = 45 | pages = 19242–7 | date = November 2010 | pmid = 20974926 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1009599107 | pmc = 2984191 | bibcode = 2010PNAS..10719242S | doi-access = free }}

• Eukaryotic translation

{{reflist}}

• {{MeshName|Peptide+Elongation+Factor+1}}

{{GeneticTranslation}}

{{GTPases}}

Category:Protein biosynthesis

Category:Eukaryote genes