en:Michèle Bennett

Michèle Bennett was born in Port‑au‑Prince, Haiti, in 1950, the daughter of Aurore{{nbsp}}({{nee|Ligondé}}) and Ernest{{nbsp}}Bennett, a Haitian businessman and descendant of {{nowrap|King Henry I}} of Haiti.{{cite book |last=Hall |first=Michael R. |title=Historical Dictionary of Haiti |date=2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2mJB8hZzjxIC&pg=PA38 |editor-last=Woronoff |editor-first=Jon |editor-link=Jon Woronoff |series=Historical Dictionaries of the Americas |publisher=Scarecrow Press |location=Lanham, Maryland |pages=38–39 |isbn=978-0-8108-7549-4 |lccn=2011035933 |oclc=751922123 |ol=25025684M |quote=Born in 1950 in Port‑au‑Prince, she is the light‑skinned daughter of Ernest Bennett (1926–2008), a mulatto businessman who was a descendant of Henri Christophe. As such, she is Christophe’s great‑great‑great‑granddaughter.}} Her father owned more than {{convert|50000|acres}} of land, growing mostly coffee, and employing 1,600 estate workers in addition to 900 more in his business.{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2lc0AAAAIBAJ&pg=1675,2879879 |title=In Opulent Cocoon, Haiti’s First Lady Talks of Poverty |first=Brian |last=Vine |newspaper=The Palm Beach Post |date=5 July 1981 |issn=1528-5758 |location=West Palm Beach, Florida }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Her uncle was Haiti's Roman Catholic Archbishop, François-Wolff Ligondé.{{cite web |url=http://www.worldpolicy.org/sites/default/files/uploaded/image/WPR-2004-Democracy%20and%20Human%20Rights%20in%20Haiti.pdf |title=Democracy and Human Rights in Haiti |last=Reding |first=Andrew |date=2004 |series=World Policy Reports |publisher=World Policy Institute |location=New York |pages=93, 115 |format=PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822013202/http://www.worldpolicy.org/sites/default/files/uploaded/image/WPR-2004-Democracy%20and%20Human%20Rights%20in%20Haiti.pdf |archive-date=22 August 2011 |url-status=dead |access-date=5 November 2015 }} At 15, Bennett moved to New York, where she was educated at St. Mary's School in Peekskill. She went on to work as a secretary at a slipper company in New York City's Garment District. In 1973, she married Alix Pasquet, Jr., the son of Captain Alix Pasquet, a well-known mulatto officer and Tuskegee Airman who, in 1958, led a coup attempt against François Duvalier. By Pasquet, she had two children, Alix III and Sacha.{{cite news|first=Mark |last=Danner |author-link=Mark Danner |url=http://www.markdanner.com/articles/beyond-the-mountains-part-iii |title=Beyond the Mountains (Part III) |work=The New Yorker |date=11 December 1989 |archive-date=31 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231020233/http://www.markdanner.com/articles/beyond-the-mountains-part-iii |url-status=live }} After her 1978 divorce from Pasquet, she had a career in public relations for Habitation LeClerc, an upscale hotel in Port‑au‑Prince.{{cite magazine|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20093059,00.html |title=Dragon Ladies Under Siege: While Their Countries Suffer From Poverty Imelda Marcos and Michèle Duvalier Live In Luxury |last=Carlson |first=Peter |last2=Cornell |first2=Barbara |last3=Sellinger |first3=Margie Bonnett |last4=Sindayen |first4=Nelly |author4-link=Nelly Sindayen |last5=Wilhelm |first5=Maria |date=3 March 1986 |work=People |volume=25 |issue=9 |issn=0093-7673 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622094919/http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0%2C%2C20093059%2C00.html |archive-date=22 June 2015 }}

Although Bennett met Jean‑Claude Duvalier in high school, the pair did not become romantically engaged until ten years later. She was firstly married to Alix Pasquet Jr. in 1973 then divorced in 1978.{{cite news|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/1980/0715/071545.html |title=Haitians wonder which advisers will have Duvalier's ear |first=James Nelson |last=Goodsell |work=The Christian Science Monitor |date=15 July 1980 |issn=0882-7729 |location=Boston |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928222047/http://www.csmonitor.com/1980/0715/071545.html |archive-date=28 September 2015 |url-status=live }} In 1980, Bennett married President Duvalier. Their wedding, Haiti's social event of the decade, cost an unprecedented US ${{nnbsp}}2{{nbsp}}million and was falsely reported to be received enthusiastically by the majority of Haitians. Michèle Duvalier at first endeared herself to the population by distributing clothes and food to the needy as well as opening several medical clinics and schools for the poor. In the six weeks following the wedding, Michèle and Jean‑Claude toured Haiti, turning up unannounced at meetings, marketplaces, and other gathering places, which garnered "approving glances and words most everywhere". On a visit to Haiti, Mother Teresa remarked that she had "never seen the poor people being so familiar with their head of state as they were with {{bracket|Michèle}}".{{cite book |title=Great Souls: Six who Changed the Century |first=David |last=Aikman |author-link=David Aikman |publisher=Lexington Books |date=2002 |chapter=Mother Teresa: Compassion |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ycSyi1yNyYC&pg=PA243 |location=Lanham, Maryland |page=[https://archive.org/details/greatsouls00davi/page/243 243] |isbn=978-0-7391-0438-5 |lccn=97-32773 |oclc=51524834 |ol=7913209M |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/greatsouls00davi/page/243 }} With Jean‑Claude, Michèle had her third and fourth children: Francois-Nicolas and Anya.{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-12-17-mn-30004-story.html |title=Powerful, Chic First Lady Generous to Poor, Herself: Haiti’s ‘Baby Doc’ Governs in Isolation |date=17 December 1985 |last=Stumbo |first=Bella |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |issn=0458-3035 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611133229/http://articles.latimes.com/print/1985-12-17/news/mn-30004_1_baby-doc |archive-date=11 June 2022 |url-status=live }}

The marriage represented a symbolic alliance with the mulatto elite, the families Jean‑Claude's father had opposed.{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hfVdAAAAIBAJ&pg=2879,2875380 |title=‘First Lady of Haiti’: Baby Doc’s Bride Wins Power |newspaper=Observer–Reporter |date=16 April 1981 |location=Washington, Pennsylvania |agency=Associated Press}} This resulted in her husband's mother, Simone Duvalier, who opposed the match, being sidelined politically, which in turn created new factional alliances within the ruling group since the Duvalierist Old Guard opined that the new First Lady's power appeared to exceed her husband's. While Jean‑Claude often dozed through Cabinet meetings, his wife, frustrated at his political ineptitude, reprimanded ministers herself.{{cite magazine|last=Moody |first=John |author-link=John Moody (journalist) |last2=Brelis |first2=Dean |author2-link=Dean Brelis |last3=Diederich |first3=Bernard |author3-link=Bernard Diederich |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960612-2,00.html |title=Haiti Bad Times for Baby Doc: As violent protests grow, a besieged dictator imposes martial law |work=Time |issn=0040-781X |date=10 February 1986 |quote=While Jean‑Claude sometimes dozes through Cabinet meetings, his wife scolds ministers. |volume=127 |issue=6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330202055/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C960612-2%2C00.html |archive-date=30 March 2009 |url-status=dead }}

Accusations of or associations with corruption plagued the Duvalier–Bennett marriage. Michèle's father, Ernest Bennett, took advantage of his presidential connection to extend interests into his businesses, from his BMW dealership, to his coffee and cocoa export concerns, to Air Haiti, in whose planes Bennett was rumored to be transporting drugs.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/06/14/world/us-officials-link-duvalier-father-in-law-to-cocaine-trade.html |title=U.S. Officials Link Duvalier Father‑in‑Law to Cocaine Trade |first=Joseph B. |last=Treaster |newspaper=The New York Times |date=14 June 1986 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150728052429/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/06/14/world/us-officials-link-duvalier-father-in-law-to-cocaine-trade.html |archive-date=28 July 2015 |url-status=live }} In 1982, Frantz Bennett, Michèle's brother, was arrested in Puerto Rico for drug trafficking, and began a three‑year jail term.

She was instrumental in the conception, inauguration and permanent collection of the Musée du Panthéon National Haïtien, which opened under her husband's presidency in Port-au-Prince in 1983.

Michèle Duvalier's family amassed wealth during the later part of Jean‑Claude's dictatorship. By the end of his 15‑year rule, Duvalier and his wife had become notorious for their corruption. The National Palace became the scene of opulent costume parties, where the young President once appeared dressed as a Turkish sultan to dole out ten‑thousand‑dollar jewels as door prizes.

While on a visit to Haiti in 1983, {{nowrap|Pope John Paul II}} declared that "things must change in Haiti", and he called on "all those who have power, riches and culture so that they can understand the serious and urgent responsibility to help their brothers and sisters".{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=6tkvAAAAIBAJ&pg=7222,4661909 |title=‘Things in Haiti must change,’ pope tells Duvalier |page=15 |newspaper=The Spokesman–Review |date=10 March 1983 |issn=1064-7317 |location=Spokane, Washington |agency=Associated Press |quote=The Roman Catholic pontiff responded with a stern lecture to the island country’s tiny moneyed elite, telling the 31‑year‑old president‑for‑life of the Western Hemisphere’s poorest country, ‘Things must change in Haiti.’ . . . ‘I call on all those who have power, riches and culture so that they can understand the serious and urgent responsibility to help their brothers and sisters,’ {{bracket|Pope John Paul II}} said.}} Popular uprising against the regime began soon after that. Duvalier responded with a 10%{{nbsp}}reduction in staple food prices, the closing of independent radio stations, a cabinet reshuffle, and a crackdown by police and army units, but these moves failed to dampen the momentum of the popular uprising.

His wife and advisers urged him to put down the rebellion in order to remain in office. In response to widening opposition to 28 years of Duvalier rule, on 7 February 1986, the Duvaliers fled the rioting country in an American C-141 plane accompanied by 19 other people.{{cite web|url=http://cyberie.qc.ca/jpc/haiti/c141.html |title=C‑141 Passenger List |work=The Haitian Files |last=Cloutier |first=Jean‑Pierre |date=18 May 1997 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022172318/http://cyberie.qc.ca/jpc/haiti/c141.html |archive-date=22 October 2014 |url-status=live |quote=When former President Jean‑Claude Duvalier flew away on the United States Air Force C‑141 jet in the night of February 7 {{bracket|1986}}, he was accompanied by 20 other persons. We have been able to obtain the list of passengers on the night flight. |orig-year=1st pub. 1986 in the Haiti Times }}{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=87slAAAAIBAJ&pg=1261,2975720 |title=Baby Doc to Walters: ‘Did best I could’ |last=Wolff |first=Christine |newspaper=The Miami News |date=12 June 1986 |page=4A }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

The governments of Greece, Spain, Switzerland, Gabon and Morocco all refused the Duvalier family's requests for asylum. France agreed to give the Duvaliers temporary entry but also denied them asylum.{{cite magazine|last=Moody |first=John |author-link=John Moody (journalist) |last2=Brelis |first2=Dean |author2-link=Dean Brelis |last3=Diederich |first3=Bernard |author3-link=Bernard Diederich |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960662-4,00.html |title=Haiti End of the Duvalier Era |work=Time |issn=0040-781X |date=17 February 1986 |quote=. . . the Greek, Spanish and Swiss governments had all rebuffed the Duvalier family’s requests for asylum. Two African countries, Gabon and Morocco, also said Duvalier would not be welcome. . . . Meanwhile, France had agreed to give Duvalier’s entourage temporary entry, while making it clear that permanent exile in the country was out of the question. |volume=127 |issue=7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100523095216/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C960662-4%2C00.html |archive-date=23 May 2010 |url-status=dead }} Soon after their arrival in France, their home was raided as part of an investigation into pillaging Haiti's treasury. Bennett was found trying to flush documentation down a toilet. Her papers documented recent spending including US $168,780 for Givenchy clothing, US $270,200 for Boucheron jewelry and US $9,752 for two children's horse saddles at Hermès.{{cite news|first=Marjorie |last=Valbrun |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910075753/http://wehaitians.com/exile%20in%20france%20takes%20toll%20on%20ex%20tyrant%20baby%20doc.html |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB105044205817716300 |title=A‑hed: Exile in France Takes Toll On Ex‑Tyrant ‘Baby Doc’ |work=The Wall Street Journal |location=New York |issn=0099-9660 |date=16 April 2003 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |quote=As part of an investigation into the looting allegations, authorities raided the villa Mr. Duvalier and his wife rented in [the town of Mougins] shortly after they arrived in France. The authorities say they caught Mrs. Duvalier trying to flush a notebook down the toilet. It logged recent spending – $168,780 for clothes at Givenchy, $270,200 for jewellery at Boucheron, $9,752 for two children’s horse saddles at [Hermès], $68,500 for a clock, [and] $13,000 for a week in a Paris hotel. . . . Mr. Duvalier’s former wife, [Michèle] Bennett, 53, who [as of 2003 ] uses her family name, declined to respond to written questions posed to her through Sauveur Vaisse, a longtime Duvalier attorney in France.}} In 1987, a French civil court dismissed Haiti's lawsuit against the Duvaliers, which sought to have the Duvaliers held responsible to repay money to Haiti.{{cite news |first=Jonathan C. |last=Randal |author-link=Jonathan Randal |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1987/06/24/haiti-loses-lawsuit-against-duvalier/3d27336f-5aea-4eb3-b166-1c250c968b7b/ |title=Haiti Loses Lawsuit Against Duvalier |work=The Washington Post |date=24 June 1987 |archive-date=30 January 2016 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130142025/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1987/06/24/haiti-loses-lawsuit-against-duvalier/3d27336f-5aea-4eb3-b166-1c250c968b7b/ |url-status=live |quote=A French court today threw out Haiti’s request to force deposed president Jean‑Claude Duvalier to reimburse {{bracket}} that the new government said he looted from his poverty‑stricken Caribbean nation during 15 years in power. . . . The civil court in Grasse {{bracket|France}}, near the Riviera, said it was unqualified to judge the case on technical grounds and suggested the Haitian government should have first brought suit against Duvalier in the Haitian Supreme Court.}}

In 1990, Jean‑Claude Duvalier filed for divorce from Bennett in the Dominican Republic, accusing her of immoral acts.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/24/weekinreview/headliners-divorced-for-life.html |title=Divorced for Life |work=The New York Times |date=24 June 1990 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525201924/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/24/weekinreview/headliners-divorced-for-life.html |archive-date=25 May 2015 |url-status=live |quote=From their home in France, Mr. Duvalier filed for divorce in the Dominican Republic, accusing his wife of immoral acts. . . . The divorce was granted {{bracket|in October 1989}}, but {{bracket|Bennett}} contested the decision, flying to the Dominican Republic to obtain a reversal before her husband prevailed in a third court. . . . {{bracket|Bennett}} is {{bracket|as of 1990}} living with another man in Cannes, according to a report in Le Figaro, and she was awarded alimony and child support.}} Bennett, who was living with another man in Cannes at the time, contested the decision, flying to the Dominican Republic to obtain a reversal before her husband prevailed in a third court. She was awarded alimony and child support. She moved with her children to Paris.

In the wake of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Bennett returned to Haiti with a search and rescue team to look for her brother Rudy{{nbsp}}Bennett in the rubble of the Hôtel Montana.{{cite news |first=Deborah |last=Sontag |last2=Lacey |first2=Marc |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/15/world/americas/15haiti.html |title=Haiti Emerges From Its Shock, and Tears Roll |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |date=14 February 2010 |access-date=20 January 2011 |page=A1 |quote=In Haitian society, Rudy Bennett, 57, was a somebody, a prominent businessman and the younger brother of {{bracket|Michèle}} Bennett, the former first lady and ex‑wife of Jean‑Claude Duvalier. But his death got little notice here . . .}} Bennett returned to Haiti for Jean‑Claude Duvalier's funeral on 11 October 2014. She attended with her two children from their marriage, at a chapel on the grounds of the Institution Saint-Louis de Gonzague school in the Delmas district of Port‑au‑Prince.{{cite news|first=Evens |last=Sanon |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2014/10/11/hundreds_in_haiti_attend_funeral_for_former_dictator_baby_doc_duvalier.html |title=Hundreds in Haiti attend funeral for former dictator ‘Baby Doc’ Duvalier |work=Toronto Star |issn=0319-0781 |date=11 October 2014 |archive-date=30 September 2015 |agency=Associated Press |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930071859/http://www.thestar.com/news/world/2014/10/11/hundreds_in_haiti_attend_funeral_for_former_dictator_baby_doc_duvalier.html |url-status=live }}

In 2021, she gave an interview to Polo Lifestyles magazine,{{Cite web |last=Jakobitz |first=Josh |date=2021-05-08 |title=Michele Bennett Duvalier: Never Complain, Never Explain |url=https://www.pololifestyles.com/single-post/michele-bennett-duvalier |access-date=2025-04-18 |website=Polo Lifestyles |language=en}} her first interview since Barbara Walters flew to Mougins in 1986 to interview her. In the interview, she spoke openly about her upbringing, her faith, her wedding, her marriage, the events leading to exile and life in France.

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{{s-bef|before=Simone Duvalier}}

{{s-ttl|title=First Lady of Haiti|years=1980–1986}}

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Category:1950 births

Category:First ladies and gentlemen of Haiti

Category:Haitian expatriates in France

Category:Mulatto Haitians

Category:Living people

Category:People from Port-au-Prince

Category:Christophe family

Category:Duvalier family

Category:Haitian people of Grenadian descent