enolase 2

{{Short description|Enzyme in mammals and humans}}

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Gamma-enolase, also known as enolase 2 (ENO2) or neuron specific enolase (NSE), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ENO2 gene.{{cite web | title = ENO2 enolase 2 (gamma, neuronal)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2026|work=NCBI Entrez Gene database}}{{OMIM|131360|Enolase 2}} Gamma-enolase is a phosphopyruvate hydratase.

Gamma-enolase is one of the three enolase isoenzymes found in mammals. This isoenzyme, a homodimer, is found in mature neurons and cells of neuronal origin. A switch from alpha enolase to gamma enolase occurs in neural tissue during development in rats and primates.

Interactive pathway map

{{GlycolysisGluconeogenesis_WP534|highlight=Enolase_2}}

Utility

Image:Hemangioblastoma - nse - high mag.jpg hemangioblastoma.]]

Detection of NSE with antibodies can be used to identify neuronal cells and cells with neuroendocrine differentiation. NSE is produced by small-cell carcinomas, which are neuroendocrine in origin. NSE is therefore a useful tumor marker for distinguishing small-cell carcinomas from other tumors.{{cite journal |vauthors=Clegg N, Ferguson C, True LD, Arnold H, Moorman A, Quinn JE, Vessella RL, Nelson PS | title = Molecular characterization of prostatic small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma | journal = Prostate | volume = 55 | issue = 1 | pages = 55–64 |date=April 2003 | pmid = 12640661 | doi = 10.1002/pros.10217 | s2cid = 8778642 }}

References

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Further reading

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  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Oliva D, Calì L, Feo S, Giallongo A |title=Complete structure of the human gene encoding neuron-specific enolase. |journal=Genomics |volume=10 |issue= 1 |pages= 157–65 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2045099 |doi=10.1016/0888-7543(91)90496-2 }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Craig SP, Day IN, Thompson RJ, Craig IW |title=Localisation of neurone-specific enolase (ENO2) to 12p13. |journal=Cytogenet. Cell Genet. |volume=54 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 71–3 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2249478 |doi=10.1159/000132960 }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Oliva D |title=Cloning, expression and sequence homologies of cDNA for human gamma enolase |journal=Gene |volume=79 |issue= 2 |pages= 355–60 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2792767 |doi=10.1016/0378-1119(89)90217-5 | author2=Barba G | author3=Barbieri G | last4=Giallongo | first4=A | last5=Feo | first5=S }}
  • {{cite journal | author=McAleese SM |title=Complete amino acid sequence of the neurone-specific gamma isozyme of enolase (NSE) from human brain and comparison with the non-neuronal alpha form (NNE) |journal=Eur. J. Biochem. |volume=178 |issue= 2 |pages= 413–7 |year= 1989 |pmid= 3208766 |doi=10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14465.x | author2=Dunbar B | author3=Fothergill JE | last4=Hinks | first4=Lesley J. | last5=Day | first5=Ian N.M. |doi-access=}}
  • {{cite journal | author=Van Obberghen E |title=Human gamma enolase: isolation of a cDNA clone and expression in normal and tumor tissues of human origin |journal=J. Neurosci. Res. |volume=19 |issue= 4 |pages= 450–6 |year= 1988 |pmid= 3385803 |doi= 10.1002/jnr.490190409 | author2=Kamholz J | author3=Bishop JG | last4=Zomzely-Neurath | first4=C. | last5=Lazzarini | first5=R. A. | last6=Lazzarini | first6=RA |s2cid=20636218 }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Day IN, Allsopp MT, Moore DC, Thompson RJ |title=Sequence conservation in the 3'-untranslated regions of neurone-specific enolase, lymphokine and protooncogene mRNAs |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=222 |issue= 1 |pages= 139–43 |year= 1987 |pmid= 3653393 |doi=10.1016/0014-5793(87)80207-7 |s2cid=8011122 }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Haimoto H |title=Immunohistochemical localization of gamma-enolase in normal human tissues other than nervous and neuroendocrine tissues |journal=Lab. Invest. |volume=52 |issue= 3 |pages= 257–63 |year= 1985 |pmid= 3974199 | author2=Takahashi Y | author3=Koshikawa T | last4=Nagura | first4=H | last5=Kato | first5=K }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Quan CP |title=Purification and partial amino acid sequence of suppressive lymphokine from a CD8+ CD57+ human T hybridoma |journal=Immunology |volume=78 |issue= 2 |pages= 205–9 |year= 1993 |pmid= 7682534 | pmc=1421811 | author2=Watanabe S | author3=Vuillier F | last4=Pires | first4=R | last5=Matsuo | first5=T | last6=Stanislawski | first6=M | last7=Pillot | first7=J | last8=Bouvet | first8=JP }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Angelov DN |title=Axotomy induces intranuclear immunolocalization of neuron-specific enolase in facial and hypoglossal neurons of the rat |journal=J. Neurocytol. |volume=23 |issue= 4 |pages= 218–33 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8035205 |doi=10.1007/BF01275526 | author2=Neiss WF | author3=Gunkel A | last4=Guntinas-Lichius | first4=O. | last5=Stennert | first5=E. |s2cid=10829701 }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Pechumer H, Bender-Götze C, Ziegler-Heitbrock HW |title=Detection of neuron-specific gamma-enolase messenger ribonucleic acid in normal human leukocytes by polymerase chain reaction amplification with nested primers |journal=Lab. Invest. |volume=69 |issue= 6 |pages= 743–9 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8264236 }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Ansari-Lari MA |title=Large-scale sequencing in human chromosome 12p13: experimental and computational gene structure determination |journal=Genome Res. |volume=7 |issue= 3 |pages= 268–80 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9074930 |doi=10.1101/gr.7.3.268 | author2=Shen Y | author3=Muzny DM | last4=Lee | first4=W | last5=Gibbs | first5=R A |doi-access=free}}
  • {{cite journal | author=Lau L |title=Neuroblastoma: a single institution's experience with 128 children and an evaluation of clinical and biological prognostic factors |journal=Pediatric Hematology and Oncology |volume=19 |issue= 2 |pages= 79–89 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11881792 |doi=10.1080/08880010252825669 |s2cid=24248646 }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Wijnberger LD |title=Expression in the placenta of neuronal markers for perinatal brain damage |journal=Pediatr. Res. |volume=51 |issue= 4 |pages= 492–6 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11919335 |doi=10.1203/00006450-200204000-00015 | author2=Nikkels PG | author3=van Dongen AJ | last4=Noorlander | first4=Cornelle W. | last5=Mulder | first5=Eduard J.H. | last6=Schrama | first6=Loes H. | last7=Visser | first7=Gerard H.A. | doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal | author=O'Dwyer DT |title=Pituitary autoantibodies in lymphocytic hypophysitis target both gamma- and alpha-Enolase - a link with pregnancy? |journal=Arch. Physiol. Biochem. |volume=110 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 94–8 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11935405 |doi=10.1076/apab.110.1.94.897 | author2=Clifton V | author3=Hall A | last4=Smith | first4=R. | last5=Robinson | first5=P.J. | last6=Crock | first6=P.A. |s2cid=24218508 }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Chekhonin VP |title=Serum time course of two brain-specific proteins, alpha(1) brain globulin and neuron-specific enolase, in tick-born encephalitis and Lyme disease |journal=Clin. Chim. Acta |volume=320 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 117–25 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11983209 |doi=10.1016/S0009-8981(02)00057-8 | author2=Zhirkov YA | author3=Belyaeva IA | last4=Ryabukhin | first4=Igor A | last5=Gurina | first5=Olga I | last6=Dmitriyeva | first6=Tatiana B }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Nakatsuka S |title=Enhanced expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in pyothorax-associated lymphoma (PAL) |journal=Jpn. J. Cancer Res. |volume=93 |issue= 4 |pages= 411–6 |year= 2005 |pmid= 11985791 |pmc=5927012 |doi= 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2002.tb01272.x | author2=Nishiu M | author3=Tomita Y | last4=Miwa | first4=H | last5=Takakuwa | first5=T | last6=Iuchi | first6=K | last7=Yamamoto | first7=S | last8=Aozasa | first8=K }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Fujiwara H |title=Clinical significance of serum neuron-specific enolase in patients with adult T-cell leukemia |journal=Am. J. Hematol. |volume=71 |issue= 2 |pages= 80–4 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12353304 |doi= 10.1002/ajh.10190 | author2=Arima N | author3=Ohtsubo H | last4=Matsumoto | first4=Tadashi | last5=Kukita | first5=Toshimasa | last6=Kawada | first6=Hideaki | last7=Imaizumi | first7=Rie | last8=Ozaki | first8=Atsuo | last9=Matsushita | first9=Kakushi |s2cid=20608717 | doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 | author2=Feingold EA | author3=Grouse LH | last4=Derge | first4=JG | last5=Klausner | first5=RD | last6=Collins | first6=FS | last7=Wagner | first7=L | last8=Shenmen | first8=CM | last9=Schuler | first9=GD |bibcode=2002PNAS...9916899M |doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Rodríguez-Núñez A |title=Neuron-specific enolase, nucleotides, nucleosides, purine bases, oxypurines and uric acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of children with meningitis |journal=Brain Dev. |volume=25 |issue= 2 |pages= 102–6 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12581805 |doi=10.1016/S0387-7604(02)00160-2 | author2=Cid E | author3=Rodríguez-García J | last4=Camiña | first4=F | last5=Rodríguez-Segade | first5=S | last6=Castro-Gago | first6=M |s2cid=26015330 }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Muley T |title=Technical performance and diagnostic utility of the new Elecsys neuron-specific enolase enzyme immunoassay |journal=Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. |volume=41 |issue= 1 |pages= 95–103 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12636057 |doi=10.1515/CCLM.2003.017 | author2=Ebert W | author3=Stieber P | last4=Raith | first4=Hannelore | last5=Holdenrieder | first5=Stefan | last6=Nagel | first6=Dorothea | last7=Fürst | first7=Heinrich | last8=Roth | first8=Hans-Jürgen | last9=Luthe | first9=Hilmar |s2cid=11971809 |url=https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17836/1/cclm.2003.017.pdf }}

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