enteroglucagon

In 1948, Sutherland and De Duve identified a gastrointestinal glucagon-like material in gastric mucosa,{{Cite journal|last1=Dunphy|first1=J. L.|last2=Fuller|first2=P. J.|date=1997-09-19|title=Enteroglucagon, bowel growth and GLP-2|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9324041/|journal=Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology|volume=132|issue=1–2|pages=7–11|doi=10.1016/s0303-7207(97)00137-8|issn=0303-7207|pmid=9324041|s2cid=8182049}} the term "enteroglucagon" was used to describe this material that shared a similar immunoreactivity with glucagon.{{Citation|last1=Sarwal|first1=Dhruv|title=Physiology, Enteroglucagon|date=2021|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553105/|work=StatPearls|place=Treasure Island (FL)|publisher=StatPearls Publishing|pmid=31971745|access-date=2021-05-02|last2=Bordoni|first2=Bruno}} A half-century later, Brubaker and Drucker{{Cite journal|last1=Drucker|first1=Daniel J.|last2=Shi|first2=Qing|last3=Crivici|first3=Anna|last4=Sumner-Smith|first4=Martin|last5=Tavares|first5=Wendy|last6=Hill|first6=Mary|last7=DeForest|first7=Lorraine|last8=Cooper|first8=Sari|last9=Brubaker|first9=Patricia L.|date=July 1997|title=Regulation of the biological activity of glucagon-like peptide 2 in vivo by dipeptidyl peptidase IV|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nbt0797-673|journal=Nature Biotechnology|language=en|volume=15|issue=7|pages=673–677|doi=10.1038/nbt0797-673|pmid=9219272|s2cid=35172107|issn=1546-1696}} studied proglucagon gene expression, they discovered the function of enteroglucagon is related to the growth of intestinal epithelium.{{Cite journal|last1=Drucker|first1=D J|last2=Erlich|first2=P|last3=Asa|first3=S L|last4=Brubaker|first4=P L|date=1996-07-23|title=Induction of intestinal epithelial proliferation by glucagon-like peptide 2.|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=93|issue=15|pages=7911–7916|doi=10.1073/pnas.93.15.7911|issn=0027-8424|pmid=8755576|pmc=38848|bibcode=1996PNAS...93.7911D|doi-access=free}}

Enteroglucagon is a proglucagon-derived peptide or enteroendocrine cells derived peptide in the small intestine. Preproglucagon undergoes post translational modification to release glucagon-like peptides (GLP-1 and GLP-2) and other molecules derived from L-cells of intestine. GLP-1 is derived from a class of intestinal hormones called incretin and the molecule exists in two forms GLP-1(7-37) and GLP-1(7-36) amide.{{Cite journal|last=Deacon|first=Carolyn F.|date=September 2007|title=Incretin-based treatment of type 2 diabetes: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17877544/|journal=Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism|volume=9|issue=Suppl 1 |pages=23–31|doi=10.1111/j.1463-1326.2007.00765.x|issn=1462-8902|pmid=17877544|s2cid=12334916}} GLP-1 form of incretin starts circulating in response to a high blood glucose level. Incretin effect is a negative feedback loop between glucose and insulin level, it promotes insulin release from beta cells of pancreas islet and suppresses glucagon when the glucose level is high.{{Citation|last1=Sarwal|first1=Dhruv|title=Physiology, Enteroglucagon|date=2021|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553105/|work=StatPearls|place=Treasure Island (FL)|publisher=StatPearls Publishing|pmid=31971745|access-date=2021-04-30|last2=Bordoni|first2=Bruno}} In vertebrate mammals, GLP-2 sequences are highly conversed in the intestine. The molecule functions as a part of adaptive response, such that contributes intestinal growth, proliferation effect, intestinal dilation (increases the mucosal blood flow) and reduces the chance of apoptosis.

GLP-1 is effective at reducing blood glucose levels. GLP-1 analogs have a significant therapeutic effect and high efficacy on diabetes treatments and hypoglycemia prevention.{{Cite journal|last1=Trujillo|first1=Jennifer M.|last2=Nuffer|first2=Wesley|last3=Ellis|first3=Samuel L.|date=February 2015|title=GLP-1 receptor agonists: a review of head-to-head clinical studies|journal=Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism|volume=6|issue=1|pages=19–28|doi=10.1177/2042018814559725|issn=2042-0188|pmc=4321870|pmid=25678953}} Proliferation effect and trophic effect on the small intestine, GLP-2 is used as a therapy to support patients with short-bowel syndrome and other underlying intestinal conditions.{{Cite journal|last=Jeppesen|first=P. B.|date=November 2003|title=Clinical significance of GLP-2 in short-bowel syndrome|journal=The Journal of Nutrition|volume=133|issue=11|pages=3721–3724|doi=10.1093/jn/133.11.3721|issn=0022-3166|pmid=14608103|doi-access=free}}

• Proglucagon

{{Reflist}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20060127135744/http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/gi/eglucagon.html Overview at colostate.edu]
• {{cite book| title= Essentials of Human Physiology| first= Thomas M. |last= Nosek| chapter=Section 6/6ch2/s6ch2_27 |chapter-url=http://humanphysiology.tuars.com/program/section6/6ch2/s6ch2_27.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324124828/http://humanphysiology.tuars.com/program/section6/6ch2/s6ch2_27.htm|archive-date=2016-03-24}}
• {{MeshName|Enteroglucagon}}

{{Hormones}}

Category:Peptide hormones