epiglottal plosive

{{Short description|Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ʡ⟩ in IPA}}

{{Infobox IPA

|above=Epiglottal plosive
(pharyngeal plosive)

|ipa symbol=ʡ

|ipa number=173

|decimal1=673

|x-sampa=>\

|kirshenbaum=

|braille=236

|braille2=23

|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x02A1.svg

|imagesize=150px

}}

The epiglottal or pharyngeal plosive (or stop) is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|ʡ}}.

Esling (2010) describes the sound covered by the term "epiglottal plosive" as an "active closure by the aryepiglottic pharyngeal stricture mechanism" – that is, a stop produced by the aryepiglottic folds within the pharynx.John Esling (2010) "Phonetic Notation", in Hardcastle, Laver & Gibbon (eds) The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences, 2nd ed., p 695.

Features

150px

Image:Places of articulation.svg

Features of the epiglottal stop:

It has no defined phonation, although it is typically voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. Voiced epiglottal "stops" tend toward being epiglottal flaps.{{cn|date=September 2023}}

Occurrence

class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
colspan=2\|Amis	{{lang\|ami\|{{`}}u{{`}}ul}} \|{{IPA\|[ʡuʡuɺ̠ᵊ]}}	'fog'	May have a trilled release, {{IPA\|[ʡ^ʢ]}}.
colspan="2" \| Archi{{Cite web\|title=The Archi Language Tutorial\|url=http://www.archi.surrey.ac.uk/handout.pdf\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402121902/http://www.archi.surrey.ac.uk/handout.pdf\|archive-date=2015-04-02\|access-date=2021-05-03}}	{{lang\|aqc\|гӀарз}}/{{transl\|aqc\|g'arz}}	{{IPA\|[ʡarz]}}	'complaint'
colspan="2" \| Dahalo{{Harvcoltxt\|Maddieson\|Spajić\|Sands\|Ladefoged\|1993\|pp=27, 30, 33}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{Audio-IPA\| tɬʼaːʡa.wav\|[tɬʼaːʡa]}}	'lake'
Haida	Northern dialects	{{lang\|hdn\|g̱antl}}	{{IPA\|[ʡʌntɬ]}}	'water'	Corresponds to /q/ in southern dialects.
colspan="2" \|Ingush{{Cite book\|last=Nichols\|first=Johanna\|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/468975855\|title=Ingush grammar\|date=2011\|publisher=University of California Press\|isbn=978-0-520-09877-0\|edition=1st\|location=Berkeley, CA\|oclc=468975855}} \|{{lang\|inh\|Ӏам}}/{{transl\|inh\|wam}} \|{{IPA\|[ʡam]}} \|'lake, pond' \|Also represented with "Ӏ" in the Cyrillic orthography.

Notes

References

{{cite journal

|last1=Maddieson

|first1=Ian

|author-link=Ian Maddieson

|last2=Spajić

|first2=Siniša

|last3=Sands

|first3=Bonny

|last4=Ladefoged

|first4=Peter

|author-link4=Peter Ladefoged

|date=June 1993

|title=Phonetic structures of Dahalo

|editor-last=Maddieson

|editor-first=Ian

|journal=UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics

|volume=84: Fieldwork studies of targeted languages

|pages=25–65

|place=Los Angeles

|publisher=UCLA

|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8k45g432

}}

External links

{{phoible|ʡ}}

Category:Plosives

Category:Pulmonic consonants

Category:Oral consonants

class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
colspan=2\|Amis	{{lang\|ami\|{{`}}u{{`}}ul}} \|{{IPA\|[ʡuʡuɺ̠ᵊ]}}	'fog'	May have a trilled release, {{IPA\|[ʡ^ʢ]}}.
colspan="2" \| Archi{{Cite web\|title=The Archi Language Tutorial\|url=http://www.archi.surrey.ac.uk/handout.pdf\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402121902/http://www.archi.surrey.ac.uk/handout.pdf\|archive-date=2015-04-02\|access-date=2021-05-03}}	{{lang\|aqc\|гӀарз}}/{{transl\|aqc\|g'arz}}	{{IPA\|[ʡarz]}}	'complaint'
colspan="2" \| Dahalo{{Harvcoltxt\|Maddieson\|Spajić\|Sands\|Ladefoged\|1993\|pp=27, 30, 33}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{Audio-IPA\| tɬʼaːʡa.wav\|[tɬʼaːʡa]}}	'lake'
Haida	Northern dialects	{{lang\|hdn\|g̱antl}}	{{IPA\|[ʡʌntɬ]}}	'water'	Corresponds to /q/ in southern dialects.
colspan="2" \|Ingush{{Cite book\|last=Nichols\|first=Johanna\|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/468975855\|title=Ingush grammar\|date=2011\|publisher=University of California Press\|isbn=978-0-520-09877-0\|edition=1st\|location=Berkeley, CA\|oclc=468975855}} \|{{lang\|inh\|Ӏам}}/{{transl\|inh\|wam}} \|{{IPA\|[ʡam]}} \|'lake, pond' \|Also represented with "Ӏ" in the Cyrillic orthography.