establishing shot

{{short description|Long shot that sets up the context for a scene in filmmaking and television production}}

File:LOC Brooklyn Bridge and East River 7.png establishes the setting and trajectory of the film Saturday Night Fever.{{cite book|last=Boggs|first=Joseph M.|year=1996|title=The Art of Watching Films|pages=161, 454}}]]

An establishing shot in filmmaking and television production sets up, or establishes, the context for a scene by showing the relationship between its important figures and objects.{{cite book |last1=Brown |first1=Blain |title=Cinematography: Theory and Practice, Image Making for Cinematographers and Directors |date=2012 |publisher=Focal Press |location=Burlington, Massachusetts |isbn=9781136047381 |page=18 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uyMYMbjheqgC&pg=PA18 |access-date=11 August 2023}}{{Cite web| title=Film analysis. Part 4: Editing | publisher=Yale University | url=https://filmanalysis.yale.edu/editing/#establishing | access-date=2020-06-25}} It is generally a long or extreme-long shot at the beginning of a scene indicating where, and sometimes when, the remainder of the scene takes place.{{Cite web|title=Videography Glossary|publisher=Calgary board of education|url=http://schools.cbe.ab.ca/b690/Curriculum/computerop/comp9plus/CTS901-03/CTS9Plus-VideoGlossary.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205093002/http://schools.cbe.ab.ca/b690/Curriculum/computerop/comp9plus/CTS901-03/CTS9Plus-VideoGlossary.html|archive-date=2017-12-05|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=https://static.atomiclearning.com/files/atomic_storytelling_guide.pdf|title=Video Storytelling Guide|publisher=Atomic Learning, Inc.|date=2007}}{{Cite web|title=Shot types|website=MediaCollege.com|url=https://www.mediacollege.com/video/shots/|access-date=2020-06-25}}{{Cite web|title=Terms Used by Narratology and Film Theory|publisher=Purdue University|url=https://cla.purdue.edu/academic/english/theory/narratology/terms/|access-date=2020-06-25}}

Establishing shots were more common during the classical era of filmmaking than they are now. Today's filmmakers tend to skip the establishing shot in order to move the scene along more quickly, or merely mention the setting in on-screen text (as is done in the Law & Order franchise). In addition, the expositional nature of the shot may be unsuitable to scenes in mysteries, where details are intentionally obscured or left out.

Use of establishing shots

;Location: Establishing shots may use famous landmarks to indicate the city where the action is taking place or has moved.

;Time of day: Sometimes the viewer is guided in their understanding of the action. For example, an exterior shot of a building at night followed by an interior shot of people talking implies that the conversation is taking place at night inside that building – the conversation may in fact have been filmed on a studio set far from the apparent location, because of budget, permits, time limitations or convenience. In the series JAG, 24-hour Coordinated Universal Time was used for these scenes to reinforce the military setting of the series.

;Relationship: An establishing shot might be a long shot of a room that shows all the characters from a particular scene. For example, a scene about a murder in a college lecture hall might begin with a shot that shows the entire room, including the lecturing professor and the students taking notes. A close-up shot can also be used at the beginning of a scene to establish the setting (such as, for the lecture hall scene, a shot of a pencil writing notes).

;Concept: An establishing shot may also establish a concept, rather than a location. For example, opening with a martial arts drill visually establishes the theme of martial arts. A shot of rain falling could be an establishing shot, followed by more and more detailed look at the rain, culminating with individual raindrops falling.

References

Category:Cinematic techniques

Category:Film editing

Category:Television terminology