etofenprox
{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 447039021
| ImageFile = Etofenprox.svg
| ImageSize = 200px
| ImageAlt = Skeletal formula
| ImageFile1 = Etofenprox-3D-balls.png
| ImageSize1 = 200px
| ImageAlt1 = Ball-and-stick model
| PIN = 1-{[2-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropoxy]methyl}-3-phenoxybenzene
| OtherNames = Ethofenprox, MTI-500, Trebon, Zenivex
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 64377
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 2105573
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 0LD7P9153C
| InChI = 1/C25H28O3/c1-4-27-22-15-13-21(14-16-22)25(2,3)19-26-18-20-9-8-12-24(17-20)28-23-10-6-5-7-11-23/h5-17H,4,18-19H2,1-3H3
| InChIKey = YREQHYQNNWYQCJ-UHFFFAOYAW
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C25H28O3/c1-4-27-22-15-13-21(14-16-22)25(2,3)19-26-18-20-9-8-12-24(17-20)28-23-10-6-5-7-11-23/h5-17H,4,18-19H2,1-3H3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = YREQHYQNNWYQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 80844-07-1
| PubChem = 71245
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D09202
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 39348
| SMILES = O(c1ccccc1)c2cc(ccc2)COCC(c3ccc(OCC)cc3)(C)C
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| C=25|H=28|O=3
| Appearance = White (pure) or amber (man.)
| Density = 1.172 g/cm3 at 20.7 °C
| MeltingPtC = 37.4
| BoilingPt = Degradation at about 200 °C
| Solubility = }}
|Section3={{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards =
| FlashPt = >
| FlashPtC = 110
| AutoignitionPt =
}}
}}
Etofenprox is a pyrethroid derivative which is used as an insecticide.{{cite book | last1 = Becker | first1 = Norbert | last2 = Petric | first2 = Dusan | last3 = Zgomba | first3 = Marija | last4 = Boase | first4 = Clive | title = Mosquitoes and Their Control | publisher = Springer | year = 2010 | pages = 463 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=JIfgVr1f4IQC | access-date = 2011-04-13 | isbn = 978-3-540-92873-7}} Mitsui Chemicals Agro Inc. is the main manufacturer of the chemical. It is also used as an ingredient in flea medication for cats and dogs.
General uses
Etofenprox is a broad-spectrum insecticide which disturbs insect nervous systems following direct contact or ingestion, and which is active against a broad spectrum of pests. It is used in agriculture, horticulture, viticulture, forestry, animal health and public health against many insect pests, for instance Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Thysanoptera, and Hymenoptera. In agriculture, etofenprox is used on a broad range of crops such as rice, fruits, vegetables, corn, soybeans, and tea. It is poorly absorbed by roots and little translocation occurs within plants.{{cite web |title=WHO Specifications and Evaluations for Public Health Pesticides: Etofenprox |url=http://www.who.int/whopes/quality/en/Etofenprox_eval_WHO_july_2007.pdf |publisher=World Health Organization |access-date=6 September 2023 |date=2007}}
In the public health sector, etofenprox is used for vector control either by direct application in infested areas or indirectly by impregnating fabrics, such as mosquito nets. Etofenprox is used at low volumes to control adult mosquitoes, non-biting midges, and biting and non-biting flies. Etofenprox is used undiluted for ultra low volume aerosol applications or diluted with a diluent such as mineral oil for direct applications, for the control of pest species in or near residential, industrial, commercial, urban, recreational areas, woodlands, golf courses, and other areas where these pests are a problem.
Hazards to humans and domestic animals
Etofenprox is harmful if swallowed and causes moderate eye irritation. Contact with eyes, skin or clothing should be avoided. Repeated exposure to etofenprox can cause skin irritation.{{cite web | publisher = US Environmental Protection Agency | url = http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/ppls/002724-00791-20131118.pdf | title = US EPA, Pesticide Product Label, RF2146 RTU, 11/18/2013 | access-date = 2014-05-21 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303015043/https://www.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/ppls/002724-00791-20131118.pdf | archive-date=2024-03-03}} {{LD50}}s are >2000 mg/kg (acute oral, rat), >2000 mg/kg (acute dermal, rat), and >5.88 mg/L (acute inhalation, rat). In rabbits, it is not a skin irritant or eye irritant. It did not cause skin sensitization in guinea pig (intradermal and topical).World Health Organization [https://web.archive.org/web/20090704195448/http://www.who.int/whopes/quality/en/Etofenprox_eval_WHO_july_2007.pdf WHO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PESTICIDES ETOFENPROX]
Environmental hazards
This pesticide is toxic to aquatic organisms, including fish and aquatic invertebrates. Runoff from treated areas or deposition into bodies of water may be hazardous to fish and other aquatic organisms. Etofenprox is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment on blooming crops or weeds. Applications should be timed to provide the maximum possible interval between treatment and the next period of bee activity.
Environmental persistence
Etofenprox is decomposed in soil by anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms. In sterilized soil, little degradation took place in a 56-day test.Aerobic versus Anaerobic Microbial Degradation of Etofenprox in a California rice field soil, Department of Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California The principle metabolites do not accumulate and degrade to {{CO2}}. Etofenprox's half-life in aerobic soil is between 7 and 25 days.{{cite web |title=Assessment Report: Etofenprox |url=https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/d7d669de-323f-d841-db98-a79c04435a7e |publisher=European Chemicals Agency |access-date=15 September 2023 |date=September 2013}} One study showed it to have a half-life of 3 weeks on bean leaves.{{cite web |title=Etofenprox (185) |url=https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/IPM_Pesticide/JMPR/Evaluations/1993/efenpox.pdf |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |access-date=15 September 2023 |date=1993 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727220846/https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/IPM_Pesticide/JMPR/Evaluations/1993/efenpox.pdf |archive-date=27 July 2023}}
Another study showed it to have a half-life of 1 week on rice plants.
Physical and chemical hazards
References
{{Reflist}}
{{insecticides}}