expandable card game
{{Short description|Card games where each has their own deck}}
File:Netrunner_-_Gateway_starter_decks.jpg - in progress]]
Expandable card game (ECGs),{{Cite web |last=Marler |first=Chaz |date=May 30, 2015 |title=Expandable Card Games (ECG), Trademarks & Patents (3 of 3) |url=http://www.pairofdiceparadise.com/expandable-card-games-ecg-trademarks-patents-3-of-3-a167.php |access-date=21 December 2017 |website=PairofDiceParadise.com}}{{Cite web |last=Sprinks |first=Harry Ted |date=2023-09-10 |title=6 Best Living Card Games |url=https://gamerant.com/best-living-card-games/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Game Rant |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=MacCallum-Stewart |first=Esther |last2=Tringham |first2=Neal |date=2025 |title=SFE: Collectible Card Game |url=https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/collectible_card_game |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction}} also known as living card games (LCGs),{{efn|name=a|The term Living Card Game is a registered trademark of Fantasy Flight Games and officially applies only to the games published by that company, which is why other publishers use different names; other names have also been used before FFG introduced the term. Their term, however, became popular among the fans, and many non-FFG games can be unofficially referred to as LCGs; for example, Shut Up & Sit Down, a board game review website, has referred to Doomtown: Reloaded, an ECG published by Alderac Entertainment Group, as such.{{Cite web |title=Holy Cow: Doomtown Is Pretty Neat - Shut Up & Sit Down |url=https://www.shutupandsitdown.com/holy-cow-doomtown-pretty-neat/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=shutupandsitdown.com/ |language=en-US}} At least one game, Android: Netrunner, has debuted as an LCG but has been rebranded as an ECG due to publisher change.}} or non-collectible customizable card games{{Citation |last=Miller |first=John Jackson |title=Scrye Collectible Card Game Checklist & Price Guide, Second Edition |pages=15–16, 684–685 |year=2003 |postscript=. |url=https://archive.org/details/scryecollectible0000mill_b5b4_2ed |author-link=John Jackson Miller}}{{efn|name=b|The term is used as "Customizable Card Games" is one of the synonyms for the "Collectible Card Games".}} - card games where each player has their own customizable deck of cards. Unlike in collectible card games (CCGs), where a player buys a starter deck of cards but then expands and improves that deck by purchasing booster packs containing a random distribution of cards, such decks are usually made from one or more sets sold as a complete whole, eliminating randomness while acquiring the cards.
Many ECGs are published by Fantasy Flight Games (FFG), which markets them under their trademarked term LCGs.
Characteristics
ECGs are card games where each player has their own deck of cards.{{Cite web |title=What Are Living Card Games? |url=https://about.dragonshield.com/gaming-inspiration/what-are-living-card-games/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Dragon Shield |language=en-US}} Decks for ECGs are either pre-made decks (fixed starter decks) or made from sets sold as a complete whole, eliminating randomness while acquiring the cards. Such decks can still be customized, since after non-random expansion packs are released and purchased by players, they can customize their decks according to certain deckbuilding rules.
= Expandable Card Games vs Collectible Card Games =
{{see also|Collectible card game}}
ECGs are often mistaken for CCGs. However, while these games are very similar to CCGs and can be seen as their subset (Fantasy Flight Games, for example, defines a "Living Card Game" as "a game that breaks away from the traditional Collectible Card Game (CCG) model"),{{cite web |date=14 October 2008 |title=LCG Player's Guide |url=http://www.fantasyflightgames.com/edge_news.asp?eidn=25 |access-date=28 June 2013 |publisher=Fantasy Flight Games}} they crucially lack randomness in the purchase and distribution of the cards. They are also seen as (and marketed as) costing much less than CCGs, and appeal to players who do not have time or resources to play CCGs.
According to a price guide by John Jackson Miller, such games have less of a metagame and trading dynamic compared to CCGs. The secondary market for the ECGs cards is smaller than that of CCGs, but does exist due to existence of promotional, alternate art or foil cards implemented in some of those games.
Most ECGs are sold as complete sets (instead of starter decks and booster packs containing randomized cards) and are therefore not collectible as cards (only as sets; i.e. one can purchase a non-random deck or set of their choice, and then expand it with another non-random purchase of a deck or set, if available).{{Cite web |title=LCGs Top CCGs |url=https://icv2.com/articles/news/view/16958/lcgs-top-ccgs |access-date=20 December 2017 |website=ICV2.com}}
Some of the games occasionally classified as ECGs were meant to be traditional CCGs with expansions containing randomized booster packs, but the booster packs were never released. Examples include Anime Madness (1996) and Calore Kids (2000). Some games have been converted into ECGs/LCGs from CCGs; for example A Game of Thrones and Call of Cthulhu: The Card Game where converted from CCGs into LCGs by their publisher.{{Cite web |last=Yih Yang |first=Chee |date=July 6, 2015 |title=Choosing your Living Card Game |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/tech/games/2015/07/06/your-lcg-of-choice/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801052616/http://www.thestar.com.my/Tech/Games/2015/07/06/Your-LCG-of-choice/ |archive-date=2015-08-01 |access-date=20 December 2017 |website=TheStar.com}}
Just like with CCGs, expansion packs or new standalone sets for successful games are released on a regular basis.
According to game historian Roger Travis, ECGs are more focused on the story narrative then regular CCGs, evoking comparison to storytelling games.{{Cite web |last=Travis |first=Roger |date=2020-09-22 |title=The Living Card Game as Formulaic Epic, part 3: Scenario Advancement |url=https://www.playthepast.org/?p=7036 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Play the Past |language=en-US}} They are also more likely to feature cooperative mechanics.{{Cite web |last=Roger |first=Travis |date=2020-08-11 |title=The Living Card Game as formulaic epic, part 2: cooperation and scenario |url=https://www.playthepast.org/?p=6987 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Play the Past |language=en-US}}
History
According to Roger Travis, the genre has been inspired by CCGs as well as deck-building games like Dominion{{efn|name=c|However, deck-building genre appeared in 2008, roughly at the same time as FFG's LCG games.{{cite web | url = https://www.destructoid.com/so-what-exactly-is-a-deck-building-game-anyway/ | title = So what exactly is a deck-building game anyway? | first= Darren | last = Nakamura | date = June 11, 2010 | accessdate = November 6, 2021 | work = Destructoid }}}} and role-playing games. In 2003 John Jackson Miller identified several games as belonging to this group, with the oldest one being Heavy Gear Fighter from 1995. The genre has been popularized by the American game company Fantasy Flight Games, which published a number of ECGs under their trademark name Living Card Games (LCGs) since 2008.{{Cite web |last=Travis |first=Roger |date=2020-07-07 |title=The Living Card Game: a New Mode of Epic Performance |url=https://www.playthepast.org/?p=6913 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Play the Past |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Zimmerman |first=Aaron |date=2017-02-04 |title=Star Wars: Destiny is a fantastic game you may not want to buy |url=https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2017/02/star-wars-destiny-is-a-fantastic-game-you-may-not-want-to-buy/2/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us}}{{Cite web |last=Jarvis|first=Matt |date=2021-08-09 |title=Arkham Horror, Marvel Champions and Android: Netrunner studio says it’s still committed to the living card game format |url=https://www.dicebreaker.com/companies/fantasy-flight-games/news/fantasy-flight-reaffirms-living-card-game-commitment |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Dicebreaker |language=en}} One of FFGs most popular titles was Android: Netrunner, which debuted in 2012; since 2019 it has been published by Null Signal Games and rebranded as an expandable card game.{{Cite web |last=Theel |first=Charlie |date=2022-08-02 |title=Fans have taken back Android: Netrunner, the popular card game discontinued in 2018 |url=https://www.polygon.com/23282272/netrunner-fan-made-project-nisei-gencon-2022 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Polygon |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=What is Null Signal Games? |url=https://nullsignal.games/about/what-is-null-signal/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Null Signal Games |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Jarvis |first=Matt |date=2023-11-09 |title=Android: Netrunner creator loves the fact fans have kept the cancelled LCG alive - and has "considered" designing more cards himself |url=https://www.dicebreaker.com/games/android-netrunner/news/android-netrunner-creator-loves-fan-made-releases-has-considered-designing-new-cards |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Dicebreaker |language=en}} Since then, ECGs have been published by other companies, such as Renegade Game Studios, publisher of Vampire: The Masquerade Rivals.{{Cite web |last=Meehan |first=Alex |date=2020-07-15 |title=Vampire: The Masquerade - Rivals is a new expandable card game based on the RPG |url=https://www.dicebreaker.com/games/vampire-the-masquerade-rivals/news/vampire-the-masquerade-rivals-announced |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=Dicebreaker |language=en}}
See also
- Deck-building game
- Dedicated deck card game
- Digital collectible card game
- Meeple (another common term related to board games that has also been trademarked)
Notes
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References
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