factory automation infrastructure
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Factory automation infrastructure describes the process of incorporating automation into the manufacturing environment and processing input goods into final products.{{Cite web |date=2019-04-22 |title=Advantages & Disadvantages Of Factory Automation Infrastructure |url=http://beaconmaster.uk/2019/04/22/advantages-disadvantages-of-factory-automation-infrastructure/ |access-date=2021-01-11 |website=BeaconMaster |language=en-US}} Factory automation intends to decrease risks associated with laborious and dangerous work faced by human workers.{{Cite journal |last=Richards |first=Dale |date=2017-03-14 |title=Escape from the factory of the robot monsters: agents of change |url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/TPM-10-2015-0052/full/html |journal=Team Performance Management |language=en |volume=23 |issue=1/2 |pages=96–108 |doi=10.1108/TPM-10-2015-0052 |issn=1352-7592 |s2cid=55660522}}{{Cite web |title=Operations Management in Manufacturing and Service Industries |url=https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/an-introduction-to-business-v2.0/s15-operations-management-in-manuf.html |access-date=2021-01-11 |website=2012books.lardbucket.org}}
The manufacturing environment is defined by its ability to manufacture and/or assemble goods by machines, integrated assembly lines, and robotic arms. Automated environments are also defined by their coordination with (and usually their systematic integration with) the required automatic equipment to form a complete system.{{Cite web |last=Smit |first=Koos |date=2020-09-07 |title=Factory automation infrastructure |url=https://vertex-automation.co.za/factory-automation/factory-automation-infrastructure/ |access-date=2021-01-11 |website=Vertex Automation |language=en-ZA}}
Automation
Automation has produced sophisticated parts with similar or higher output qualities with minor quality fluctuation.{{Cite web|last=Portal|first=EEP-Electrical Engineering|date=2016-01-11|title=9 Reasons For Automation Of Manufacturing Processes {{!}} EEP|url=https://electrical-engineering-portal.com/9-reasons-for-automation-of-manufacturing-processes|access-date=2021-01-11|website=EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal|language=en}}{{Cite journal|last1=Marinoudi|first1=Vasso|last2=Sørensen|first2=Claus G.|last3=Pearson|first3=Simon|last4=Bochtis|first4=Dionysis|date=2019|title=Robotics and labour in agriculture. A context consideration|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1537511019303617|journal=Biosystems Engineering|language=en|volume=184|pages=111–121|doi=10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2019.06.013|bibcode=2019BiSyE.184..111M |s2cid=196894141 }} It also can help cut overall manufacturing costs and create safer working environments for workers.{{Cite journal|last1=Dotoli|first1=Mariagrazia|author1-link= Mariagrazia Dotoli|last2=Fay|first2=Alexander|last3=Miśkowicz|first3=Marek|last4=Seatzu|first4=Carla|author4-link=Carla Seatzu|date=2019-08-29|title=An overview of current technologies and emerging trends in factory automation|journal=International Journal of Production Research|language=en|volume=57|issue=15–16|pages=5047–5067|doi=10.1080/00207543.2018.1510558|s2cid=116633507 |issn=0020-7543|doi-access=}}Image:Industrial robots-transparent.gif]]The use of automation in manufacturing started by using technologies such as pneumatic and hydraulic systems in applications where their mechanical advantages could be used to raise output quality and efficiency in production.{{Cite web|title=automation {{!}} Technology, Types, Rise, History, & Examples|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/automation|access-date=2021-01-11|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}} Complex and highly integrated systems have since evolved, composed of procedures with sophisticated operation drivers.{{Cite book|url=https://www.nap.edu/read/4761/chapter/12|title=Read "Virtual Reality: Scientific and Technological Challenges" at NAP.edu|date=1995 |doi=10.17226/4761 |isbn=978-0-309-05135-4 |language=en}} These drivers often are running languages that support 6, 7, and 8-axis controls for sophisticated robotics.{{Citation|last1=Ben-Ari|first1=Mordechai|title=Robots and Their Applications|date=2018|work=Elements of Robotics|pages=1–20|editor-last=Ben-Ari|editor-first=Mordechai|place=Cham|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-62533-1_1|isbn=978-3-319-62533-1|last2=Mondada|first2=Francesco|editor2-last=Mondada|editor2-first=Francesco|doi-access=free}}
Robotic arm
A robotic arm is a type of mechanical arm, usually programmable, with functions similar to a human arm; the arm may be the total of the mechanism or may be part of a more complex robot. The links of such a manipulator are connected by joints allowing either rotational motion (such as in an articulated robot) or transnational (linear) displacement. The links of the manipulator can be considered to form a kinematic chain. The terminus of the kinematic chain of the manipulator is called the end effector and is analogous to the human hand.{{Cite web |title=Robotics |url=https://www.pi-fab.com/robotics |access-date=2021-01-11 |website=Pratt Institute School of Architecture Production Facilities |language=en-US}}