false eyelashes

File:Indian bride with false eyelashes.jpg

In 1882, Henry Labouchère, of the British periodical Truth, reported: "Parisians have found out how to make false eyelashes [by having hair sewn into the eyelids]".{{cite book|title=Medical Record, Volume 22|author=George Frederick Shrady and Thomas Lathrop Stedman|date=1882|page= 252|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cVlYAAAAYAAJ&q=false+eyelashes}} A similar report appeared in the July 6, 1899, edition of The Dundee Courier, which described the painful method for elongating the lashes, under the headline "Irresistible Eyes May Be Had by Transplanting the Hair": the article explained how the procedure achieved longer lashes by having hair from the head sewn into the eyelids.{{cite web|title=Irresistible Eyes May Be Had by Transplanting the Hair.|url=http://thequackdoctor.com/index.php/the-most-uncanny-look/|publisher=The Quack Doctor|date=6 July 1899|work=The Dundee Courier|access-date=5 July 2015|archive-date=15 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915041632/http://thequackdoctor.com/index.php/the-most-uncanny-look/|url-status=dead}}

In 1902, Karl Nessler, a German-born hair specialist and inventor, patented "A New or Improved Method of and Means for the Manufacture of Artificial Eyebrows, Eyelashes and the like" in the United Kingdom."{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20171001031659/http://www.directorypatent.com/GB/190218723-a.html A New or Improved Method of and Means for the Manufacture of Artificial Eyebrows, Eyelashes and the like]}}". British patent GB000190218723A, submitted August 26, 1902, approved November 6, 1902. By 1903, he began selling artificial eyelashes at his London salon on Great Castle Street.{{cite book|title=Powder and Paint: A History of the Englishwoman's Toilet, Elizabeth I–Elizabeth II| author=Williams, Neville| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4kKBAAAAMAAJ&q=great+castle+street+nessler|year=1957| publisher=Longmans, Green| isbn=9787250004040}}{{cite news|title=Art Eyelashes|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2209&dat=19030714&id=kcJEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2861,2172846&hl=en|date=July 14, 1903|work=Nashua Daily Telegraph|page=3}} He used the profits from his sales to fund his next invention, the permanent wave (perm) machine.{{cite news|title=Hair Waving Machine is 50 Years Old|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1368&dat=19540921&id=2bkyAAAAIBAJ&pg=5180,1828698&hl=en|date=September 21, 1934|work=The Milwaukee Sentinel|page=11}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{cite news|title=Beauty Boon Has Made Many Changes in 50 Years|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=348&dat=19560131&id=XGMjAAAAIBAJ&pg=5840,2458362&hl=en|page=28|work=Rome News Tribune}} In 1911, Anna Taylor, a Canadian, patented false eyelashes in the United States. Taylor's false eyelashes had a crescent-shaped strip of fabric bearing tiny pieces of hair."ARTIFICIAL EYELASH". Anna Taylor, Ottawa. Ontario. Canada. Serial No. 607,810. US994619. Filed February 10, 1911. Another inventor of false eyelashes is Maksymilian Faktorowicz, a Polish beauty guru and businessman, who founded the company Max Factor.{{cite web|url=https://www.polskieradio.pl/10/501/Artykul/1245535, |title=Maksymilian Faktorowicz – człowiek, który dał nam sztuczne rzęsy |language=pl |date=29 September 2017 |trans-title=Maksymilian Faktorowicz – the man who gave us false eyelashes |website=Polskie Radio }}

File:Peggy Hyland - Jul 1917 FF (cropped).jpg applying false eyelashes in Film Fun (1917)]]

In 1916, while making his film Intolerance, D. W. Griffith noticed his actress, Seena Owen, was missing something. Griffith wanted her eyes to be twice as large and "supernatural". He then spoke to his wigmaker to create false lashes. They were made of human hair, which was then fixed to her eyelashes by spirit gum.{{Cite news |last=Kennedy |first=Pagan |date=2013-01-18 |title=Who Made Those False Eyelashes? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/20/magazine/who-made-those-false-eyelashes.html |access-date=2024-07-14 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} One day, Owen showed up with her eyes swollen nearly shut, her co-star Lillian Gish wrote in her memoir.{{cite web|url=https://www.racked.com/2015/10/7/9457395/a-history-of-false-eyelashes|title=A True History of False Eyelashes|date=7 October 2015 |access-date=6 September 2019}}

By the 1930s, false eyelashes were becoming widespread. False eyelashes were featured in Vogue.{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}

File:Oficina de maquiagem Drag Queen (27790456156) (cropped).jpg makeup]]

In the 1960s, eye makeup that made the eyes seem larger was very common. This look was achieved by applying false eyelashes to the top and bottom eyelids to mimic the look of a doll. Twiggy advanced the trend.{{Cite news |last=Molvar |first=Kari |date=2022-04-05 |title=Fake Eyelashes That No Longer Look Quite So Fake |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/05/t-magazine/fake-eyelashes-beauty-makeup.html |access-date=2024-07-14 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} In 1968, at the feminist Miss America protest, protestors symbolically threw a number of symbolic feminine products into a "Freedom Trash Can", including false eyelashes.{{cite journal | author=Dow, Bonnie J. |title=Feminism, Miss America, and Media Mythology |journal=Rhetoric & Public Affairs |volume=6 |issue=1 |date= Spring 2003 |pages=127–149 |doi=10.1353/rap.2003.0028|s2cid=143094250 }}{{cite book|author=Duffett, Judith |chapter=WLM vs. Miss America |title=Voice of the Women's Liberation Movement |date=October 1968 |page=4}}

In 2014, Katy Stoka, founder of One Two Cosmetics, invented magnetic false eyelashes as an alternative to those affixed with glue.{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/25/business/media/lash-boost-eyelash-enhancer-marketing.html|title=In Social Media Era, Selfies Are the New Tupperware Party|last=Maheshwari|first=Sapna|date=25 August 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=19 September 2018|quote='I thought, this is a product that will go viral because lashes make everyone look better, particularly in pictures—that's why a lot of brides get them,' said Katy Stoka, the creator of the magnetic lashes, known as One Two Lash. She added, 'Then it came in tandem with the obsession with the selfie.'}}

File:Christina - Ariana Lashes.jpg

Temporary false lashes are synthetic lashes that come in strips. These lashes are universal and made to fit all eye shapes. They can be trimmed to fit the width of the eyelid.{{Cite book |last1=Maroukian |first1=Francine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QclSizdSoXsC&dq=%22False+eyelashes%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA42 |title=The Handbook of Style: Expert Fashion and Beauty Advice |last2=Woodruff |first2=Sarah |date=2006 |publisher=Quirk Books |isbn=978-1-59474-053-4 |language=en}} These lashes are then adhered to the eyelid just above the natural lashes with temporary glue. Since the adhesive is made to be temporary, the false lashes can easily be removed with warm water or eye makeup remover.{{Cite web |last=Hamilton |first=Victoria |title=What to Know if You Wear Fake Eyelashes |url=https://www.webmd.com/beauty/features/what-to-know-fake-eyelashes |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=WebMD |language=en}} They are designed not to be worn when showering, sleeping or swimming.

Magnetic lashes are used by a thin strip of magnets attached to the strip lash.{{Cite journal |last1=Slonimsky |first1=Einat |last2=Mamourian |first2=Alexander |date=November 2019 |title=Magnetic Eyelashes: A New Source of MRI Artifacts |url=https://www.ajronline.org/doi/10.2214/AJR.19.21550 |journal=American Journal of Roentgenology |language=en |volume=213 |issue=5 |pages=983–985 |doi=10.2214/AJR.19.21550 |issn=0361-803X|url-access=subscription }} They work by placing the magnetic false lash between one's eyelashes, thereby sandwiching the natural eyelashes with magnetic eyelashes.{{cite web|url=https://www.refinery29.com/2016/07/115594/one-two-lash-extensions-magnetic-false-eyelashes|title=One Two Lash – New Magnetic False Extensions|last=Sasso|first=Samantha|date=1 July 2016|publisher=Refinery29|access-date=19 September 2018|quote=Katy Stoka of One Two Cosmetics has created a new and easy way to get an effortlessly winged-out look minus the glue ... magnetic lashes. ... The lashes come in four different styles, ranging from very natural to total glam, and work by sandwiching your actual lashes using two magnetic layers of falsies.}} These lashes are affordable and reusable but there is a potential risk{{px2}}{{mdash}}{{hsp}}due to the magnets that are attached to the lashes it is possible that they may be a hazard to a patient if being used in an MRI scanning room.

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Eyelash extensions are individual lashes that are applied to the natural lash using semi-permanent glue. These lashes are usually applied by a technician, and the process can take up to two hours. They can last anywhere from three to four weeks, depending on the care and maintenance of the lashes.{{Cite web |last=Mukamal |first=Reena |date=February 23, 2018 |title=Eyelash Extension facts and Safety |url=https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/eyelash-extension-facts-safety |website=American Academy of Ophthalmology}}

Lash extensions are more versatile than false lashes. The technician who is placing the lashes can cater to the specific client by customizing the lash extensions specifically to that client. They take into consideration the eye shape, the eyelids, as well as the state of the natural lash. Once these factors are evaluated the client and the technician can pick the material, length, color, and curvature of the lashes that best suits them.{{Cite journal |last=Tripathi |first=Medha |date=September 2020 |title=Assessing Differing Eyelash Extension Compositions and their Microorganisms |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348062215 |journal=ResearchGate}}

Overall, lash extensions can also be classified into different styles. There is a classic set, which is the most natural form of lashes, as well as a volume set, which is considered the fullest style. In between these two styles is a hybrid set, which is a combination of a classic and a volume.

In the United States, each state regulates eyelash extensions. Some states require either a cosmetology or esthetician license; some states have a certificate or license specifically for lash technicians.{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}

In the United Kingdom, the Guild of Professional Beauty Therapists accredits courses for the safe application of semi-permanent individual eyelash extensions. The value of the course content can be judged by the number of CPD (Continued Professional Development) points that the course is awarded.{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}

• Eyelash curler
• Eyelash perm

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• [http://www.marieclaire.com/beauty/news/a13574/the-history-of-women-and-their-eyelashes/ The History of Women and Their Eyelashes] at MarieClaire.com
• [http://www.cosmeticsandskin.com/cdc/false-eyelashes.php History of Artificial (false) Eyelashes] at Cosmetics and Skin

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Category:Cosmetics

Category:Human eyelashes