false map turtle

{{Short description|Species of turtle}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}

{{Speciesbox

| image = Basking_False_Map_Turtles_(Graptemys_pseudogeographica).jpg

| status = LC

| status_system = IUCN3.1

| status_ref = {{cite iucn |author=van Dijk, P.P. |author-link=species:Peter Paul van Dijk |title=Graptemys pseudogeographica |year=2011 |errata=2016 |page=e.T165600A97424024 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T165600A6066439.en|access-date=27 October 2022}}

| genus = Graptemys

| species = pseudogeographica

| authority = (Gray, 1831)

| subdivision_ranks = Subspecies

| subdivision =

  • G. p. pseudogeographica
    (Gray, 1831),
    false map turtle
  • G. p. kohnii (Baur, 1890),
    Mississippi map turtle[http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species.php?genus=Graptemys&species=pseudogeographica Graptemys pseudogeographica], Reptile Database

| range_map = Graptemys pseudogeographica map.png

| range_map_caption = Range map

| synonyms =

  • Emys pseudogeographica
    Gray, 1831
  • Emys lesueurii
    Gray, 1831
  • Graptemys lesueurii
    Agassiz, 1857
  • Clemmys pseudogeographica
    Strauch, 1862
  • Graptemys pseudogeographica
    — Gray, 1863
  • Malacoclemmys pseudogeographicus
    Cope, 1875
  • Malacoclemmys lesueuri
    Yarrow, 1883 (ex errore)
  • Malacoclemmys pseudographicus
    [N.S.] Davis & [F.L.] Rice, 1883
    (ex errore)
  • Malacoclemmys lesueurii
    Boulenger, 1889
  • Malaclemys pseudogeographica
    O.P. Hay, 1892
  • Malaclemys pseudogeographicus
    — Paulmier, 1902
  • Graptemys pseudogeographicus
    Siebenrock, 1909
  • Graptemys pseudogeographica pseudogeographica
    Stejneger & Barbour, 1917
  • Malaclemys pseudogeographica pseudogeographica
    Cochran & Goin, 1970
  • Graptemys pseudogeoraphica
    Anan'eva et al., 1988 (ex errore){{Cite journal|journal=Vertebrate Zoology |title=Checklist of Chelonians of the World |year=2007 |author=Fritz, Uwe |author-link=species:Uwe Fritz |author2=Havaš, Peter |author2-link=species:Peter Havaš |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=189 |doi=10.3897/vz.57.e30895 |s2cid=87809001 |doi-access=free }}
  • Graptemys pseudogeographica pseudogeographica
    — Crother, 2000

}}

The false map turtle (Graptemys pseudogeographica) is a species of turtle endemic to the United States. It is a common pet species. Two subspecies are recognized, including the nominotypical subspecies described here.

Description

Also known as a "sawback" turtle, the turtle has a carapace featuring a vertebral row of low spines, and is serrated on the posterior rim. The carapace is olive to brown in color with light yellowish markings with dark borders. The plastron color varies from cream to yellow and is patterned with dark lines along the seams in juveniles. The body color of the false map turtle is grayish brown to blackish and is marked with light brown, yellow, or whitish stripes. The eye can be brown, light yellow, white, or green and is crossed with a dark bar. Narrow hooked marks behind the eye fuse with dorsal lines on the head and neck. Also, small light-colored spots occur below the eye and on the chin.

Geographic range

The false map turtle lives in large streams of the Missouri and Mississippi River systems, ranging from Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, through the Dakotas southward to southwestern Alabama, southern and western Mississippi, and Louisiana. The false map turtle also lives in several other river systems of Southwest Louisiana and East Texas.

Conservation status

In the Midwest, the false map turtle is a species of special interest in Ohio.

Behavior

Map turtles of all kinds are avid baskers, spending many hours during the day in the sun. When with other turtles, they also are very communal, sharing space and using each other for predator-watching, increasing the odds of surviving an attack.

Subspecies

  • Nominotypical subspecies: G. p. pseudogeographica (Gray, 1831) – False map turtle
  • G. p. kohnii (Baur, 1890) – Kohn's map turtle,Beolens B, Watkins M, Grayson M (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. (Kohn's Map Turtle Graptemys kohnii, p. 145). Mississippi map turtle

Ecology

The false map turtle is a strong swimmer and prefers rivers and large creeks with moderate currents, containing aquatic vegetation, as well as snags or floating logs. They are also comfortable in deep and swift water. The turtles are present in oxbow lakes and sloughs, but are absent from lakes, ponds, or small streams. Basking is important to these turtles, and they may even be found on steep, slippery snags.

Threats and management issues

A variety of threats face this species, including the destruction of nests of eggs by animals and insects, falling victim to gill nets, and being shot. False map turtles, much like red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans), have also been collected for the pet trade.

Gallery

Schildkröte Kl-U 2012 001.jpg|Clutch preparation of a breeding false map turtle on a meadow

Schildkröte Kl-U 2012 002.jpg|Same turtle during oviposition

References

{{Commons}}

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

  • Conant, R. (1975). A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. xviii + 429 pp. + 48 plates. {{ISBN|0-395-19979-4}} (hardcover), {{ISBN|0-395-19977-8}} (paperback). (Graptemys pseudogeographica, pp. 57–58 + Plate 8 + Map 14).
  • Ernst, C.H., J.E. Lovich and R.W. Barbour (1994). Turtles of the United States and Canada. Washington, District of Columbia: Smithsonian Institution Press. 578 pp.
  • Gray, J.E. (1831). Synopsis Reptilium; or Short Descriptions of the Species of Reptiles. Part I.—Cataphracta. Tortoises, Crocodiles, and Enaliosaurians. London: Treuttel, Wurz, and Co. viii + 85 pp. + 11 plates. (Emys pseudogeographica, p. 31).
  • Smith, H.M., and E.D. Brodie Jr. (1982). Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. {{ISBN|0-307-13666-3}} (paperback). (Graptemys pseudogeographica, pp. 50–51).