faucalized voice

{{Short description|Vocal quality}}

{{Infobox IPA

| above = Faucalized

| ipa symbol = ◌͈

| ipa symbol2 = ◌͚

| ipa symbol3 = (◌ꟸ)

| decimal=43000

}}

Faucalized voice, also called hollow voice{{cite book |author1-first=A. N. |author1-last=Tucker |author1-link=Archibald Tucker |author2-first=M. A. |author2-last=Bryan |editor1-first=A. N |editor1-last=Tucker |editor2-first=M. A |editor2-last=Bryan |date=2018 |orig-date=1966 |title=Linguistic Analyses: The Non-Bantu Languages of North-Eastern Africa |series=Linguistic Surveys of Africa |volume=18 |publisher=Routledge |publication-place=London |doi=10.4324/9781315104645 |isbn=978-1-138-08975-4 |edition=1st}} or yawny voice, is a vocal quality of speech production characterized by the vertical expansion of the pharyngeal cavity due to the lowering of the larynx. It is termed faucalized because of the stretching of the fauces and visible narrowing of the faucial pillars in the back of the oral cavity. During faucalized voice, the sides of pharynx expand outward and the larynx descends and tilts forward. The term "yawny voice" is appropriate to compare this voice quality to the physiological act of yawning. Its opposite is harsh voice, a vocal quality produced when the pharynx is contracted and the larynx raised. Faucalized voice is not to be confused with breathy voice, which involves relaxed vocal folds, greater velocity of airflow through the glottis and produces a lower pitch sound. Faucalized voice involves the forward tilting of the larynx which stretches the vocal folds and produces a higher pitch sound, despite the increased volume of the pharyngeal cavity.{{cite journal |last1=Edmondson |first1=Jerold A. |last2=John H. |first2=Esling |author1-link=Jerold A. Edmondson |author2-link=John Esling |title=The valves of the throat and their functioning in tone, vocal register and stress: laryngoscopic case studies |journal=Phonology |date=August 2006 |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=157–191 |doi=10.1017/S095267570600087X |ref=Esling |publisher=Cambridge University Press |s2cid=62531440 |issn=0952-6757}}

There is no symbol for faucalized voice in the standard IPA. Diacritics seen in the literature include the linguolabial diacritic ({{IPA|[a̼]}}){{cite web |first1=Jerold A. |last1=Edmondson |author1-link=Jerold A. Edmondson |first2=John H. |last2=Esling |author2-link=John Esling |first3=Jimmy G. |last3=Harris |first4=Deborah |last4=Martín |first5=Edward C. |last5=Weisberger |first6=Lesa |last6=Blackhurst |title=The role of the glottic and epiglottic planes in the phonetic qualities of voice in the Bor Dinka language (Sudan) and other phonetic features: a laryngoscopic study |url=http://ling.uta.edu/~jerry/dktry.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051205092728/http://ling.uta.edu/~jerry/dktry.pdf |archive-date=2005-12-05 }} or the strong articulation diacritic ({{IPA|[a͈]}}) of the Extensions to the IPA. In the VoQS, the voice-quality symbol for faucalized voice is Vꟸ, though this is normally only placed on a capital vee for "voice".{{cite journal |last1=Ball |first1=Martin J. |last2=Esling |first2=John H. |last3=Dickson |first3=Craig |author1-link=Martin J. Ball |author2-link=John H. Esling |title=The VoQS System for the Transcription of Voice Quality |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |date=December 1995 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=71–80 |doi=10.1017/S0025100300005181 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |s2cid=145791575 |issn=1475-3502}} The asterisk, IPA for articulations that do not have existing symbols, could also be used: {{angbr IPA|◌͙}}.