fixative (drawing)
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In art, in particular drawings in pastels, charcoal, chalk, and other dry media, a fixative is a kind of preserving agent applied over the top of the drawing to prevent crumbling,{{cite web| url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095821774| website=Oxford Reference| title= Fixative}} smudging, fading, and discolouring.{{cite web | title=These are the best spray fixatives to stabilize your chalk and charcoal drawings | website=ARTnews.com | url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/product-recommendations/best-spray-fixatives-1202691979/ | access-date=24 May 2022}}{{cite web| last=Caves | first=Julie | title=Fixatives are not all the same | website=Jackson's Art Blog | date=29 August 2014 | url=https://www.jacksonsart.com/blog/2014/08/29/fixatives-are-not-all-the-same/ | access-date=24 May 2022}}
In times gone by, natural substances such as diluted egg white were painted on, but today synthetic sprays are usually used. However some artists, such as the Aboriginal Australian artists at Warmun, Western Australia, use traditional substances, in this case gum gathered from local bloodwood trees.{{cite web | title=Warmun Aboriginal Art & Artists | website=Japingka Aboriginal Art Gallery | date=31 January 2022 | url=https://japingkaaboriginalart.com/collections/warmun/ | access-date=24 May 2022}}
Fixative is similar to varnish, but there are some key differences. Varnish is often used to protect paintings from atmospheric moisture, sunlight and dust; it helps to protect from being scratched, and makes the colours brighter. Fixatives prevents smearing.{{cite web | title=Varnish vs Fixative: What are Their Differences and Key Features? | website=Artistro | date=29 August 2020 | url=https://artistro.com/blogs/news/varnish-vs-fixative-what-are-their-differences-and-key-features | access-date=24 May 2022}}
Fixatives are usually made from casein, synthetic resin or glue.